{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:35:13Z","timestamp":1784309713468,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733270400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Deer tick virus (DTV), also known as Powassan virus lineage II, is a rising health concern due to increased recognition as a cause of human encephalitis. Since European tick-borne encephalitis virus persists in nature in enzootic foci (i.e., higher prevalence rates in small pockets in nature), we sought to determine whether DTV is also focally maintained in relation to habitat type, to better understand factors leading to human risk of exposure. From 2018 to 2021, questing <jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic> ticks were collected from five habitats at the Wells National Estuarine Research Reserve (WNERR) in Wells, ME: forest with invasive vegetation in the understory, edge, shrub, forest with native vegetation in the understory, and open field. Deer tick virus prevalence was greater in adult ticks (2.0%) than in nymphs (0.5%). Deer tick virus prevalence in adult ticks collected from forest with invasive vegetation was 3.2% compared to 0 to 1.7% in other habitat types. A hot spot analysis revealed a higher number of infected adults collected per hour on one of the transects located in forest with invasive vegetation. Phylogenetic analysis of 37 full-length DTV genomes sequenced in this study revealed four major clades from the WNERR, and there was high genetic diversity within each transect, suggesting frequent, short-range dispersal between habitats. Analysis of DTV sequences from other New England counties and states also indicated long-distance dispersal to and\/or from the WNERR. This study provides preliminary evidence that DTV is focal and that the risk of encountering DTV-infected ticks in forest with invasive vegetation may be greater than in other habitat types.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T15:57:37Z","timestamp":1729007857000},"page":"1311-1319","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Deer Tick Virus (Powassan Virus, Lineage II) in Ixodes scapularis Ticks in Five Habitats at a Nature Reserve in Southern Maine, United States"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Rebecca M.","family":"Robich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Piantadosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia;"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan P.","family":"Elias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle S.","family":"Cosenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth F.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Baxter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"LaFon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles B.","family":"Lubelczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly","family":"Meagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal B. F.","family":"Vogels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Arch Biol Sci","first-page":"9","article-title":"Spring epidemic tick-borne encephalitis","volume":"56","author":"Zilber","year":"1939"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis","first-page":"813","article-title":"A brief history of the discovery of tick-borne encephalitis virus in the late 1930s (based on reminiscences of members of the expeditions, their colleagues, and relatives)","volume":"8","author":"Zoblin","year":"2017"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Virus 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