{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:02:54Z","timestamp":1788912174279,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of death worldwide in children under 5 years old, after pneumonia. Fortunately, diarrhea is a preventable disease that can be avoided by implementing basic home management strategies. Mothers are essential to its management and prevention; therefore, this study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of mothers in Pakistan related to diarrheal disease prevention and management. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional design in three cities of Pakistan from September 2022 to December 2022. A questionnaire was used to collect data on mothers\u2019 sociodemographic characteristics and their knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to the prevention and management of diarrheal diseases. A total of 356 mothers (81.7% of them were housewives, and 58.4% were 25\u201334 years old) participated in the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and tests of association. Significant associations were found between mothers\u2019 income, education, and ethnicity and their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the prevention and management of diarrheal diseases (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05). However, no significant association was found between the other variables. The knowledge and attitudes of the mothers regarding the prevention and management of diarrhea were satisfactory; however, their prevention-related practices and home-based management were unsatisfactory. Therefore, community education, formation of health and hygiene committees, and dissemination of user-friendly information are crucial for creating awareness about the prevention and management of diarrheal diseases. These measures can help improve the practices of mothers and reduce the incidence of diarrheal diseases in Pakistan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T13:19:08Z","timestamp":1719926348000},"page":"682-693","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Mothers\u2019 Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding the Prevention and Management of Diarrhea among Children in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Shaher","family":"Bano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nighat","family":"Sultana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Informatics, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haroon","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"The School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"The School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","year":"2005"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Australas Med J","first-page":"474","article-title":"A survey of mothers\u2019 knowledge about childhood diarrhea and its management among a marginalized community of Morang, Nepal","volume":"4","author":"Ansari","year":"2011"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Health Specialties","first-page":"84","article-title":"Aetiology of acute gastroenteritis in children in Najran Region, Saudi Arabia","volume":"1","author":"AlAyed","year":"2013"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"870","article-title":"Diarrhoea: Why children are still dying and what can be done","volume":"375","author":"Wardlaw","year":"2010"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Matern Child Nutr","first-page":"e13257","article-title":"Water, sanitation and hygiene interventions and the prevention and treatment of childhood acute malnutrition: A systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Patl\u00e1n\u2010Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2021"},{"key":"b6","year":"2017"},{"key":"b7","year":"2022"},{"key":"b8","year":"2020"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Srp Arh Celok Lek","first-page":"755","article-title":"Acute diarrhea in children","volume":"143","author":"Radlovic","year":"2015"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Afr J Reprod Health","first-page":"27","article-title":"Maternal education and diarrhea among children aged 0\u201324 months in Nigeria","volume":"21","author":"Desmennu","year":"2017"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"F1000 Res","first-page":"193","article-title":"Antibiotic treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children","volume":"7","author":"Bruzzese","year":"2018"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"CD008524","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age","volume":"3","author":"Imdad","year":"2017"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"PLoS Med","first-page":"e1001512","article-title":"Feasibility of mass vaccination campaign with oral cholera vaccines in response to an outbreak in Guinea","volume":"10","author":"Ciglenecki","year":"2013"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Resolution 64.18. Cholera: Mechanism For Control and Prevention","year":"2011"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Population Census 2023","year":"2023"},{"key":"b16","year":"2023"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"BMC Pediatr","first-page":"358","article-title":"Mothers\u2019 knowledge, attitude and practice towards the prevention and home-based management of diarrheal disease among under-five children in Diredawa, eastern Ethiopia, 2016: A cross-sectional study","volume":"18","author":"Workie","year":"2018"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Front Public Health","first-page":"731272","article-title":"Demographic attributes of knowledge, attitude, practices, and One Health perspective regarding diarrhea in Pakistan","volume":"9","author":"Abbasi","year":"2021"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"CHRISMED J Health Res","first-page":"186","article-title":"Impact of structured educational program on maternal knowledge, attitude, and practice toward diarrhea management in children <5 years age in Anantapur District","volume":"4","author":"Sunanda","year":"2017"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Sahel Med J","first-page":"114","article-title":"Knowledge and prevalence of diarrheal disease in a suburban community in North Western Nigeria","volume":"22","author":"Omole","year":"2019"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","first-page":"3982","article-title":"Assessment of Saudi mother\u2019s knowledge and attitudes towards childhood diarrhea and its management","volume":"18","author":"Alghadeer","year":"2021"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc","first-page":"425","article-title":"Diarrhoea among children under five years of age residing in a village development committee: A descriptive cross-sectional study","volume":"60","author":"Mishra","year":"2022"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"J Environ Public Health","first-page":"6532512","article-title":"Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices on water, sanitation, and hygiene in some selected LGAs in Kaduna State, Northwestern Nigeria","volume":"2020","author":"Sridhar","year":"2020"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health","first-page":"100813","article-title":"Prevalence of diarrhoea among under five children in India and its contextual determinants: A geo-spatial analysis","volume":"12","author":"Ghosh","year":"2021"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health","first-page":"100998","article-title":"Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of child caregivers towards oral rehydration salt and zinc for the treatment of diarrhea in under 5 children in Gondar Town","volume":"14","author":"Yimenu","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/111\/3\/article-p682.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/111\/3\/article-p682.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/111\/3\/article-p682.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T19:56:07Z","timestamp":1725479767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/111\/3\/article-p682.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0655","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]}}}