{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:32:55Z","timestamp":1787031175286,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725408000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Flea-borne spotted fever and flea-borne (murine) typhus are rickettsioses caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Rickettsia felis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Rickettsia typhi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively, and typically present as undifferentiated febrile illnesses. The relative contribution of these agents to flea-borne rickettsioses in California is unclear. We have developed a duplex reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-rtPCR) assay targeting\n                    <jats:italic>R. felis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013 and\n                    <jats:italic>R. typhi<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013specific 23S ribosomal RNA single nucleotide polymorphisms to better understand the respective roles of these agents in causing flea-borne rickettsioses in California. This assay was compared with an established duplex\n                    <jats:italic>R. felis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013 and\n                    <jats:italic>R. typhi\u2013ompB<\/jats:italic>\n                    rt-PCR assay and was shown to have 1,000-fold and 10-fold greater analytical sensitivity for the detection of\n                    <jats:italic>R. felis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>R. typhi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively. Retrospective testing of clinical specimens with both assays established\n                    <jats:italic>R. typhi<\/jats:italic>\n                    as the major etiologic agent of flea-borne rickettsioses in California.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T17:12:50Z","timestamp":1721754770000},"page":"569-574","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Duplex Reverse-Transcription Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay Targeting 23S rRNA Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms for the Detection of Flea-Borne Rickettsioses"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"William S.","family":"Probert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexa C.","family":"Quintana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne M.","family":"Kjemtrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Branch, Vector-borne Disease Section, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill K.","family":"Hacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"53","article-title":"Flea-borne rickettsioses and 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