{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T15:28:35Z","timestamp":1770996515606,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Novel methods are required to aid the monitoring of schistosomiasis control and elimination initiatives through mass drug administration. Portable digital and mobile phone microscopy is a promising tool for this purpose. This cross-sectional study evaluated the diagnostic operating characteristics of a converted mobile phone microscope (the SchistoScope) for the detection of <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic> eggs, as determined by community-based field workers and expert microscopists, compared with a field gold standard of light microscopy. Three hundred sixty-five urine samples were evaluated by conventional light microscopy, with 49 (13.4%) positive for <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>. Compared with light microscopy, the sensitivity and specificity of <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic> detection by field microscopists trained to use the SchistoScope were 26.5% (95% CI: 14.9\u201341.1%) and 98.4% (95% CI: 96.3\u201399.5%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic> detection by expert microscopists using the SchistoScope was 74% (95% CI: 59.7\u201385.4%) and 98.1% (95% CI: 95.9\u201399.3%), respectively, compared with light microscopy. The sensitivity rose to 96.1% and 100% when evaluating for egg counts greater than five and 10 eggs per 10\u2009mL, respectively. A point-of-care circulating cathodic anion (POC CCA) test was used to evaluate <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>; however, there were too few positive samples to reliably comment on diagnostic characteristics. This study demonstrated that a \u201curine-only\u201d approach to rapidly screen for schistosomiasis at the point of sample collection can be conducted with mobile phone microscopy (<jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>) coupled with POC CCA (<jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>). Such an approach may aid in streamlined schistosomiasis control and elimination initiatives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T17:41:47Z","timestamp":1718127707000},"page":"387-390","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Rapid and Comprehensive Screening for Urogenital and Gastrointestinal Schistosomiasis with Handheld Digital Microscopy Combined with Circulating Cathodic Antigen Testing"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Jean T.","family":"Coulibaly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Universit\u00e9 F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny, Abidjan, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire;"},{"name":"Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Abidjan, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kigbafori D.","family":"Silue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Universit\u00e9 F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny, Abidjan, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire;"},{"name":"Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Abidjan, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda D\u00edaz","family":"de Le\u00f3n Derby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California;"},{"name":"Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California;"},{"name":"Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karla N.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada;"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason R.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaac I.","family":"Bogoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada;"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"307","article-title":"Underestimation of the global burden of schistosomiasis","volume":"391","author":"King","year":"2018"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"2253","article-title":"Human schistosomiasis","volume":"383","author":"Colley","year":"2014"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"609","article-title":"The pathology, pathobiology and pathogenesis of schistosomiasis","volume":"5664","author":"Warren","year":"1978"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"WHO Guideline on Control and Elimination of Human Schistosomiasis","year":"2022"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Diagnostic Target Product Profiles for Monitoring, Evaluation and Surveillance of Schistosomiasis Control Programmes","year":"2021"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop 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Schistosoma haematobium eggs in urine samples","volume":"54","author":"Peters","year":"1976"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1442","article-title":"Point-of-care sample preparation and automated quantitative detection of Schistosoma haematobium using mobile phone microscopy","volume":"106","author":"Armstrong","year":"2022"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Sci Transl Med","first-page":"286re4","article-title":"Point-of-care quantification of blood-borne filarial parasites with a mobile phone microscope","volume":"7","author":"D\u2019Ambrosio","year":"2015"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop S\u00e3o Paulo","first-page":"397","article-title":"A simple device for quantitative stool thick-smear technique in Schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"14","author":"Katz","year":"1972"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser","first-page":"i","article-title":"Prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis: 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The trace results controversy","volume":"12","author":"Peralta","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/111\/2\/article-p387.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/111\/2\/article-p387.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/111\/2\/article-p387.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T12:41:33Z","timestamp":1723034493000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/111\/2\/article-p387.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0043","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]}}}