{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T00:30:32Z","timestamp":1725496232808},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Calcified cysticerci are often associated with hippocampal atrophy (HA). While most studies suggest that repetitive seizures cause HA in these patients, others have demonstrated that HA may also occur in persons without epilepsy. Little is known about mechanisms triggering HA in seizure-free individuals with calcified cysticerci. Here, we aimed to assess whether the size of the calcification is associated with HA. Using a population-based design, we selected apparently seizure-free individuals with a single calcified cysticercus in whom interictal paroxysmal activity and other causes of HA have been discarded. A total of 55 individuals (mean age, 58.3 \u00b1 13 years, 62% women) fulfilled inclusion criteria. Unadjusted and multivariate models were fitted to assess the association between the size of the calcification dichotomized into &lt;3 mm and \u22653 mm (exposure) and the presence of HA (outcome). Sixteen participants (29%) had HA, which was asymmetric in eight (50%) cases. Hippocampal atrophy was noted in 11\/20 (55%) participants with large calcifications and in 5\/35 (14%) with small calcifications (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001). A multivariate logistic regression model showed a significant association between the presence of large calcifications and HA, after adjustment for relevant confounders (odds ratio: 7.78; 95% CI: 1.72\u201335.1). Participants with calcifications \u22653 mm in diameter were 7.8 times more likely to have HA than those with smaller ones. Study results open avenues of research for the use of agents to prevent HA progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T19:22:22Z","timestamp":1721848942000},"page":"515-520","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Large (\u22653-Millimeter) Parenchymal Brain Calcified Cysticerci Are More Often Associated with Hippocampal Atrophy than Smaller Ones in Seizure-Free Individuals with a Single Lesion"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Oscar H.","family":"Del Brutto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Research Center, Universidad Esp\u00edritu Santo\u2013Ecuador, Samborond\u00f3n, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denisse A.","family":"Rumbea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Research Center, Universidad Esp\u00edritu Santo\u2013Ecuador, Samborond\u00f3n, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilio E.","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Research Center, Universidad Esp\u00edritu Santo\u2013Ecuador, Samborond\u00f3n, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robertino M.","family":"Mera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics\/Epidemiology, Freenome, Inc., South San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Pathogens","first-page":"26","article-title":"Calcified neurocysticercosis: Demographic, clinical, and radiological characteristics of a large hospital-based patient cohort","volume":"13","author":"Bustos","year":"2023"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"1955","article-title":"On the relationship between calcified neurocysticercosis and epilepsy in an endemic 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The Atahualpa Project","volume":"37","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2017"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int","first-page":"508","article-title":"Influence of depression, anxiety and stress on cognitive performance in community-dwelling older adults living in rural Ecuador: Results of the Atahualpa Project","volume":"15","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2015"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurol Sci","first-page":"202","article-title":"Revised diagnostic criteria for neurocysticercosis","volume":"372","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2017"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Neuroepidemiology","first-page":"74","article-title":"A large-scale study of epilepsy in Ecuador: Methodological aspects","volume":"11","author":"Placencia","year":"1992"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"783","article-title":"Validation of a screening questionnaire for the detection of epileptic seizures in epidemiological studies","volume":"115","author":"Placencia","year":"1992"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol","first-page":"332","article-title":"EEG patterns in patients with calcified neurocysticercosis with and without hippocampal atrophy","volume":"35","author":"Issa","year":"2018"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"967","article-title":"Atrophy of medial temporal lobes on MRI in \u201cprobable\u201d Alzheimer\u2019s disease and normal ageing: Diagnostic value and neuropsychological correlates","volume":"55","author":"Scheltens","year":"1992"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"J Korean Med Sci","first-page":"445","article-title":"Temporal lobe epilepsy caused by intrahippocampal calcified cysticercus: A case report","volume":"13","author":"Chung","year":"1998"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr","first-page":"255","article-title":"Late onset epilepsy with MRI evidence of mesial temporal sclerosis following acute neurocysticercosis","volume":"59","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2001"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Arch Neurol","first-page":"1117","article-title":"Surgical treatment for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy in the presence of massive neurocysticercosis","volume":"61","author":"Wichert-Ana","year":"2004"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"485","article-title":"Calcified cysticercotic lesions and intractable epilepsy: A cross sectional study of 512 patients","volume":"77","author":"Velasco","year":"2006"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"1815","article-title":"Calcified neurocysticercosis lesions and antiepileptic drug-resistant epilepsy: A surgically remediable syndrome?","volume":"54","author":"Rathore","year":"2013"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Epilepsy Res","first-page":"1889","article-title":"Characteristics of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis plus neurocysticercosis","volume":"108","author":"Bianchin","year":"2014"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"Pathog Glob Health","first-page":"280","article-title":"On the relationship between neurocysticercosis and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis: Coincidence or a pathogenic relationship?","volume":"106","author":"Bianchin","year":"2012"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"783","article-title":"From seizures to epilepsy and its substrates: Neurocysticercosis","volume":"54","author":"Singh","year":"2013"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"2077","article-title":"Hippocampal slcerosis: The missing link of cisticercosis epileptogenesis?","volume":"55","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2014"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"243","article-title":"The association between neurocysticercosis and hipocampal atrophy is related to age","volume":"96","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2017"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"Brain Pathol","first-page":"425","article-title":"Axonal swelling and spheroids: A new insight into the pathology of neurocysticercosis","volume":"29","author":"Mejia Maza","year":"2019"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"Epilepsy Behav","first-page":"71","article-title":"Epilepsy-associated levels of perceived stigma, their associations with treatment, and related factors: A cross-sectional study in urban and rural areas in Ecuador","volume":"68","author":"Luna","year":"2017"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"e221","article-title":"The importance of people compliance (social desirability bias) in the assessment of epilepsy prevalence in rural areas of developing countries. Results of the Atahualpa Project","volume":"57","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2016"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"1321","article-title":"Is radiological evaluation as good as computer-based volumetry to assess hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease?","volume":"54","author":"Boutet","year":"2012"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"945","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of neurocysticercosis: 2017 clinical practice guideliness by the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDS) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH)","volume":"98","author":"White","year":"2018"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1934","article-title":"Calcific neurocysticercosis and epileptogenesis","volume":"62","author":"Nash","year":"2004"},{"key":"b40","series-title":"Trends Parasitol","first-page":"65","article-title":"Disease centered around calcified Taenia solium granuloma","volume":"33","author":"Nash","year":"2017"},{"key":"b41","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"345","article-title":"Functional improvement in a patient with cerebral calcinosis using a bisphosphonate","volume":"13","author":"Loeb","year":"1998"},{"key":"b42","series-title":"J Neurol Sci","first-page":"77","article-title":"Brain calcifications induce neurological dysfunction that can be reduced by a bone drug","volume":"243","author":"Loeb","year":"2006"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/111\/3\/article-p515.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/111\/3\/article-p515.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/111\/3\/article-p515.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T19:56:34Z","timestamp":1725479794000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/111\/3\/article-p515.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0190","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9637"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1476-1645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]}}}