{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T09:03:40Z","timestamp":1792746220420,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In areas where malaria is endemic and microscopes are unavailable, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are essential tools for early diagnosis and prompt and effective treatment. However, HRP2-based RDTs are threatened by the emergence of <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> parasites that do not carry the <jats:italic>pfhrp2<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>pfhrp3<\/jats:italic> gene, leading to false-negative results. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the ParaHIT RDT together with the proportion of pfhrp2\/3 gene\u2013deleted <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> parasites in Togo. The performance of RDTs compared with microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was determined using capillary blood collected by finger prick during a cross-sectional study conducted from September 2021 to January 2022 in children aged 6\u201359 months at two sentinel sites. Blood spots were collected for molecular analysis. Amplicons from the target regions (exon 2 of <jats:italic>hrp2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>hrp3<\/jats:italic> genes) were generated by multiplex nested PCR and sequenced using Illumina\u2019s MiSeq protocol. A total of 278 samples were analyzed for ParaHIT RDT evaluation. The sensitivity and specificity of the RDT test compared with microscopy were 96.4% and 85.7%, respectively, which increased to 97.9% and 90.7%, respectively, when compared with PCR. Of the microscopically and PCR-positive <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> samples, 138 were sequenced to detect <jats:italic>pfhrp2\/3<\/jats:italic> deletions. None of the parasites had a single <jats:italic>pfhrp2<\/jats:italic> deletion or a single <jats:italic>pfhrp3<\/jats:italic> deletion. The ParaHIT RDT demonstrated an acceptable level of performance in this evaluation, confirming the use of HRP2-based RDTs for the detection of <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> infection in areas where microscopy is not available in Togo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T13:32:03Z","timestamp":1726666323000},"page":"977-983","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Performance of ParaHIT\u00ae HRP2-Based Rapid Diagnostic Test and Proportions of Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein 2\/3 Gene Deletions in Togo"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Diwaba Carmel","family":"Teou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Lom\u00e9, Lom\u00e9, Togo;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ameyo Monique","family":"Dorkenoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Lom\u00e9, Lom\u00e9, Togo;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Essoham","family":"Ataba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme National de Lutte Contre le Paludisme, Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 de l\u2019Hygi\u00e8ne Publique et de l\u2019Acc\u00e8s Universel Aux Soins, Lom\u00e9, Togo;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kossi","family":"Yakpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme National de Lutte Contre le Paludisme, Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 de l\u2019Hygi\u00e8ne Publique et de l\u2019Acc\u00e8s Universel Aux Soins, Lom\u00e9, Togo;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efoe","family":"Sossou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service des Laboratoires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio, Tokoin Hopital, Lom\u00e9, Togo;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomics Platform, C2RT, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Caspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UR 3073, Pathogens Host Arthropods Vectors Interactions Unit, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manani","family":"Hemou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de P\u00e9diatrie, Campus Hospitalier Universitaire de Lom\u00e9, Lom\u00e9, Togo;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agueregna","family":"Abdou-Kerim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National d\u2019Hygi\u00e8ne, Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 de l\u2019Hygi\u00e8ne Publique et de l\u2019Acc\u00e8s Universel Aux Soins, Lom\u00e9, Togo;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Menard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UR 3073, Pathogens Host Arthropods Vectors Interactions Unit, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France;"},{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France;"},{"name":"Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"World Malaria Report 2023","year":"2023"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Malaria Microscopy: Quality Assurance Manual: Version 2","year":"2016"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Parasitol Res","first-page":"1417967","article-title":"Comparison of the accuracy of four malaria diagnostic methods in a high transmission setting in 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