{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T01:00:58Z","timestamp":1768093258820,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cyclosporiasis has been a nationally notifiable disease in the United States since 1999, and cases have increased in recent years. We evaluated characteristics of U.S. cases and outbreaks to identify gaps and potential prevention measures for mitigating cyclosporiasis. We assessed <jats:italic>Cyclospora<\/jats:italic> data from the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) and from the Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System (FDOSS) collected between 2015 and 2019. There were 1,376 cyclosporiasis cases in FoodNet between 2015 and 2019. Approximately one-fifth (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 290, 21.1%) reported recent international travel. Most cases occurred in 2018 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 334, 24.3%) and 2019 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 758, 55.1%). There was strong seasonality, with 1,160 (90.9%) cases in the summer months. Most travelers reported visiting Mexico (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 182, 62.8%) and Guatemala (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 25, 8.6%). Approximately two-thirds of FoodNet cases were outbreak associated (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 987, 71.7%). Of the 79 outbreaks reported to FDOSS, 31 (39.2%) occurred in 2018 and 40 (50.6%) occurred in 2019. Outbreaks tended to occur in spring and summer months (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 78, 98.7%), The most common age groups among the 2,335 cases with data available included 20\u201349 years (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1,168, 50.0%), 50\u201374 years (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 985, 42.2%), and \u226575 years (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 120, 5.1%). Although direct comparisons between FoodNet and FDOSS are not possible, both datasets indicate that the majority of <jats:italic>Cyclospora<\/jats:italic> transmission is domestic and not travel associated, as previously thought. These findings show the need for continued investment in <jats:italic>Cyclospora<\/jats:italic> research, including identifying populations that are underrepresented, or at higher risk for cyclosporiasis, and improved understanding of national sources and pathways of infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T15:48:40Z","timestamp":1732031320000},"page":"319-326","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluating Foodborne Cyclosporiasis Using Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network and Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System Data, 2015\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9 O.","family":"Markon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Foods Program, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Karasick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Foods Program, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecile","family":"Punzalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Foods Program, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre J.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Foods Program, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beverly","family":"Wolpert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Foods Program, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"1101","article-title":"Notes from the field: Multiple cyclosporiasis outbreaks\u2014United States, 2018","volume":"67","author":"Casillas","year":"2018"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Parasitol","first-page":"295","article-title":"Endogenous developmental cycle of the human coccidian Cyclospora cayetanensis","volume":"106","author":"Dubey","year":"2020"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Microorganisms","first-page":"317","article-title":"Cyclospora cayetanensis and cyclosporiasis: An update","volume":"7","author":"Almeria","year":"2019"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Cleve Clin J Med","first-page":"299","article-title":"Cyclospora: Update on an emerging pathogen","volume":"64","author":"Gumbo","year":"1997"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"57","article-title":"Massive outbreak of waterborne cryptosporidium 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cyclospora","volume":"346","author":"Connor","year":"1995"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"915","article-title":"Multicenter evaluation of the BioFire FilmArray gastrointestinal panel for etiologic diagnosis of infectious gastroenteritis","volume":"53","author":"Buss","year":"2015"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis","first-page":"ofac344","article-title":"Changing diagnostic testing practices for foodborne pathogens, Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 2012\u20132019","volume":"9","author":"Ray","year":"2022"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly","first-page":"465","article-title":"Preliminary incidence and trends of infections with pathogens transmitted commonly through food\u2014Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. sites, 2015\u20132018","volume":"68","author":"Tack","year":"2019"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"1332","article-title":"Decreased 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Statistical Brief (Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (US))","author":"Davis","year":"2001"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"S121","article-title":"Epidemiologic issues in study design and data analysis related to FoodNet activities","volume":"38","author":"Hardnett","year":"2004"},{"key":"b30","year":"2023"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"NHANES\u2014About the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","year":"2017"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"J Parasitol","first-page":"577","article-title":"Attempts to establish experimental Cyclospora cayetanensis infection in laboratory animals","volume":"86","author":"Eberhard","year":"2000"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/112\/2\/article-p319.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/112\/2\/article-p319.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/112\/2\/article-p319.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T18:43:22Z","timestamp":1738781002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/112\/2\/article-p319.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0208","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]}}}