{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T14:27:24Z","timestamp":1793197644402,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The global incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in prison is 5 to 70 times greater than that in the general population. The systematic screening and treatment of TB in prison benefit TB control and treatment outcomes. However, no study has supported this in Thailand. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of long-term, continuous, systematic screening for TB control. We conducted a retrospective study in Suratthani Central Prison, Thailand, using annual TB screening from 2016 to 2020. A positive TB screening was defined as having any TB symptoms or chest radiography abnormality. We collected sputum smear and Xpert<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\/rifampicin (MTB\/RIF) results from those inmates with positive screening results. Bacteriologically confirmed TB was defined as a positive sputum smear or <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> detected by Xpert assay. Inmates with clinically diagnosed TB were also eligible for this study. Those inmates diagnosed with active TB were sent to an isolation zone in prison and received anti-TB medicine using directly observed therapy and were monitored by pulmonologists during the treatment course via telemedicine. Of 18,965 TB screening events, 175 patients were diagnosed with TB. The 5-year prevalence was 922 per 100,000 inmates. The relative reduction in TB prevalence was 60.5% from 2016 to 2020. Overall, 94.3% of TB patients were successfully treated (sum of patients cured and treatment completed). Three TB patients died during the 5-year study period. All occurred in 2016. The systematic screening and treatment of TB in inmates effectively reduced the prevalence and mortality in Suratthani Central Prison. The success rate of treatment in this prison has been consistently high.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T14:38:25Z","timestamp":1725979105000},"page":"1041-1045","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effectiveness of Systematic Screening and Treatment of Tuberculosis in Prison in Thailand"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Atchara","family":"Rodgerd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Suratthani Hospital, Surat Thani, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thotsaporn","family":"Morasert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Suratthani Hospital, Surat Thani, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","year":"2023"},{"key":"b2","year":"2014"},{"key":"b3","year":"2020"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis","first-page":"556","article-title":"A prevalence survey for smear-positive tuberculosis in Thai prisons","volume":"11","author":"Jittimanee","year":"2007"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis","first-page":"208","article-title":"Tuberculosis in Thai prisons: Magnitude, transmission and drug susceptibility","volume":"6","author":"Sretrirutchai","year":"2002"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis","first-page":"1203","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors associated with tuberculosis disease in Suratthani Central Prison, Thailand","volume":"22","author":"Morasert","year":"2018"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Prisoners in Southern Thailand: Prevalence and Its Association With Imprisonment Status","author":"Bilmumad","year":"2021"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"National Tuberculosis Control Programme Guidelines, Thailand 2018","year":"2018"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Biomed Inform","first-page":"103208","article-title":"The REDCap consortium: Building an international community of software platform partners","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2019"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Active Case Finding for TB, AIDS, Syphilis, Leprosy, Malaria and Liver Fluke","first-page":"57","year":"2015"},{"key":"b11","year":"2022"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Definitions and Reporting Framework for Tuberculosis\u20142013 Revision","year":"2013"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"1049","article-title":"Undiagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis among prisoners in Malaysia: An overlooked risk for tuberculosis in the community","volume":"21","author":"Al-Darraji","year":"2016"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"PLoS 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Health","first-page":"537","article-title":"Treatment outcome of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"Berhe","year":"2012"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"J Health Syst Res","first-page":"277","article-title":"Characteristics and treatment outcome of prisoner and general tuberculosis patients in Mueang district, Chiang Rai province, Thailand","volume":"11","author":"Wiriyaprasobchok","year":"2017"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis","first-page":"848","article-title":"Implementation of the DOTS strategy in prisons at provincial level, Thailand","volume":"8","author":"Nateniyom","year":"2004"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Int J Prison Health","first-page":"43","article-title":"Pitfalls of TB management in prisons, revisited","volume":"3","author":"Reyes","year":"2007"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Ethiop J Health Sci","first-page":"347","article-title":"Prevalence of tuberculosis and treatment outcomes of patients with tuberculosis among inmates in Debrebirhan Prison, North Shoa Ethiopia","volume":"28","author":"Berihun","year":"2018"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health","first-page":"324","article-title":"Factors associated with treatment outcomes in pulmonary tuberculosis in northeastern Thailand","volume":"36","author":"Anunnatsiri","year":"2005"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"BMC Public Health","first-page":"1206","article-title":"Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection and feasibility of TB preventive therapy among Thai prisoners: A cross-sectional study","volume":"21","author":"Gatechompol","year":"2021"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis J","first-page":"516","article-title":"High prevalence of and risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection among prisoners, Tianjin, China","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2020"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0233314","article-title":"Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection and associated risk factors in prison in East Wollega Zone of western Ethiopia","volume":"15","author":"Chekesa","year":"2020"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Clinical Practice Guideline Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment 2023","year":"2023"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Lancet Respir Med","first-page":"484","article-title":"Classification of early tuberculosis states to guide research for improved care and prevention: An international Delphi consensus exercise","volume":"12","author":"Coussens","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and 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