{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T21:32:28Z","timestamp":1780695148985,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics and drug sensitivity of <jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic> from HIV-infected patients and their relationship with patients\u2019 prognosis. Seventy-six strains were collected and identified to the species level by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization<jats:italic>\u2013<\/jats:italic>time of flight mass spectrometry, confirmed by internal transcribed spacer sequencing. Multi-locus sequence typing was used for the typing of <jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>, and its antifungal susceptibility was tested using FUNGUS 3. The clinical outcomes of the patients were reviewed at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-ups. All strains were <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic> var. <jats:italic>grubii<\/jats:italic> classified into seven sequence types (STs) dominated by ST5, ST31, and a new ST702 strain. The 6- and 9-month survival rates were highest for patients infected with ST31, ST32, and ST174. The antifungal resistant rates were 13.2%, 2.6%, and 1.4% for fluconazole, amphotericin B, and 5-fluorocytosine. Except itraconazole, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and wild type (WT)\/non\u2013wild type (NWT) of <jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic> for antifungal drugs were not related to the clinical prognosis of HIV-infected patients with cryptococcal infection. ST5 was the main ST type, and the new ST702 type was found in a patient who died in a short period of time. <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic> var. <jats:italic>grubii<\/jats:italic> had a relatively high antifungal drug resistance rate to fluconazole. The WT strain accounted for the highest proportions for 5-fluorocytosine, amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole, and itraconazole. The MIC values of <jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic> for first-line antifungal drugs showed no relationship with clinical prognosis, implying that MIC values cannot be used to predict the clinical outcome of these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T14:54:37Z","timestamp":1728399277000},"page":"1184-1191","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multi-Locus Sequence Typing\u2013Based Genetic Analysis, Antifungal Resistance, and Clinical Prognosis of Cryptococcus neoformans Infections in HIV-Infected Patients in Northern China"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Fang-Fang","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;"},{"name":"Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Hua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Xin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Fungal Genet Biol","first-page":"16","article-title":"Recognition of seven species in the Cryptococcus gattii\/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex","volume":"78","author":"Hagen","year":"2015"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Infect Dis Poverty","first-page":"20","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans, a global threat to human health","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2023"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"PLoS 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Diagnosis: Small bowel infection with Cryptococcus neoformans.","volume":"140","author":"Tzimas","year":"2011"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"Int J Infect Dis","first-page":"244","article-title":"Characteristics and prognostic risk factors of patients with sequence type 5 lineage-associated cryptococcosis in China","volume":"128","author":"Tian","year":"2023"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi","first-page":"317","article-title":"Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"57","author":"Liu","year":"2018"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"J Fungi (Basel)","first-page":"287","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics, antifungal susceptibility, and MLST-based genetic analysis of Cryptococcus isolates in southern Taiwan in 2013\u20132020","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2022"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"J Fungi (Basel)","first-page":"232","article-title":"Lack of association between YEASTONE antifungal susceptibility tests and clinical outcomes of Cryptococcus meningitis","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/111\/6\/article-p1184.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/111\/6\/article-p1184.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/111\/6\/article-p1184.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T15:28:17Z","timestamp":1733326097000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/111\/6\/article-p1184.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0242","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]}}}