{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T20:06:50Z","timestamp":1766088410097,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>People living with HIV (PLWH) are known to exhibit more severe or prolonged symptoms of mpox (formerly monkeypox). However, the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on PLWH with mpox has not been adequately described. We report a case of mpox in an AIDS patient who had recurrent symptoms due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patient presented with a low CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> lymphocyte count (CD4 count) without antiretroviral therapy (ART) and suffered from severe mpox. The ART was initiated 17 days after the diagnosis of mpox, and the patient\u2019s skin lesions began crusting after 1 week of ART. However, after a SARS-CoV-2 infection, the mpox flared up again. The patient presented with more severe symptoms than those during the initial bout and with rectal involvement. We speculate that SARS-CoV-2 infection might cause a recrudescence of mpox in AIDS patients, which requires further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T14:50:04Z","timestamp":1735743004000},"page":"677-681","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mpox Recrudescence after SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection in a Patient with AIDS"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Yaqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;"},{"name":"Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shi","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shihui","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingcai","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianbo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingqi","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;"},{"name":"Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China;"},{"name":"Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;"},{"name":"Hubei Engineering Center for Infectious Disease Prevention, Control and Treatment, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"year":"2023","key":"b1"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"F1000Res","first-page":"127","article-title":"Monkeypox (mpox) in immunosuppressed patients","volume":"12","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Nat Rev Immunol","first-page":"597","article-title":"Monkeypox: Disease epidemiology, host immunity and clinical interventions","volume":"22","author":"Lum","year":"2022"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Pathogens","first-page":"146","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of human mpox (monkeypox) in 2022: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2023"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"939","article-title":"Mpox in people with advanced HIV infection: A global case series","volume":"401","author":"Mitj\u00e0","year":"2023"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"J Infect","first-page":"e21","article-title":"First case of monkeypox virus, SARS-CoV-2 and HIV co-infection","volume":"86","author":"Nolasco","year":"2023"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"196","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with monkeypox in the GeoSentinel Network: A cross-sectional study","volume":"23","author":"Angelo","year":"2023"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"e210","article-title":"Clinical course and outcome of human monkeypox in Nigeria","volume":"71","author":"Ogoina","year":"2020"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"1141","article-title":"HIV and sexually transmitted infections among persons with monkeypox\u2014Eight U.S. jurisdictions, May 17\u2013July 22, 2022","volume":"71","author":"Curran","year":"2022"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"An Bras Dermatol","first-page":"347","article-title":"COVID-19 infection and vaccines: Potential triggers of Herpesviridae reactivation","volume":"98","author":"Navarro-Bielsa","year":"2023"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e31489","article-title":"Disseminated tuberculosis post COVID-19 infection: A case report","volume":"14","author":"Almatrafi","year":"2022"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e23417","article-title":"Reactivation of tuberculosis in the setting of COVID-19 infection","volume":"14","author":"Noori","year":"2022"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Transfus Med Hemother","first-page":"351","article-title":"Orthopox viruses: Infections in humans","volume":"37","author":"Pauli","year":"2010"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Int J Infect Dis","first-page":"163","article-title":"HIV\/SARS-CoV-2 co-infection: T cell profile, cytokine dynamics and role of exhausted lymphocytes","volume":"102","author":"Sharov","year":"2021"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"AIDS","first-page":"1187","article-title":"Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome due to monkeypox in two patients with AIDS","volume":"37","author":"Warner","year":"2023"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol","first-page":"150","article-title":"Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: The trouble with immunity when you had none","volume":"10","author":"Barber","year":"2012"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"AIDS","first-page":"F1","article-title":"Explosion of tuberculin-specific Th1-responses induces immune restoration syndrome in tuberculosis and HIV co-infected patients","volume":"20","author":"Bourgarit","year":"2006"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"J Immunol","first-page":"3915","article-title":"Tuberculosis-associated immune restoration syndrome in HIV-1-infected patients involves tuberculin-specific CD4 Th1 cells and KIR-negative gammadelta T cells","volume":"183","author":"Bourgarit","year":"2009"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Sex Transm Infect","first-page":"283","article-title":"Case of apparent mpox reinfection","volume":"99","author":"Golden","year":"2023"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"135","article-title":"A case of mpox reinfection","volume":"77","author":"Musumeci","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/112\/3\/article-p677.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/112\/3\/article-p677.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/112\/3\/article-p677.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T14:34:17Z","timestamp":1741185257000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/112\/3\/article-p677.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0304","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9637"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1476-1645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]]}}}