{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:00:54Z","timestamp":1791460854245,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Although China has achieved malaria elimination certification, the risk of malaria transmission reintroduction due to imported malaria remains. We analyzed data on imported malaria cases collected from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2021, using multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with severe and relapsing malaria. The odds of severe malaria were around 4-fold greater for patients who were initially diagnosed with a nonmalarial illness than for patients initially diagnosed with malaria. The risk of relapse from <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Plasmodium ovale<\/jats:italic> varied depending on the regions of Africa where patients resided. Patients residing in western and southern Africa (compared with Central Africa) had a lower relative risk of relapse. In addition, treatment with primaquine provided protection against malaria relapse. Improving the timeliness of treatment of malaria patients could help reduce the severity of illness, and use of primaquine can mitigate the risk of relapse after treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T15:17:06Z","timestamp":1735053426000},"page":"593-600","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Analysis of Severe and Relapse Risks of Imported Malaria in Five Provinces of China"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Cotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shen-Ning","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Zheng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-Zhu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duo-Quan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China;"},{"name":"National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China;"},{"name":"National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Zoonoses","first-page":"1","article-title":"Malaria-free certification in China: Achievements and lessons learned from the National Malaria Elimination Programme","volume":"1","author":"Feng","year":"2021"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"World Malaria Report 2023","year":"2023"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"China CDC Wkly","first-page":"741","article-title":"Surveillance of malaria vectors\u201418 sites, 12 PLADs, China, 2018\u20132020","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2021"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Infect Dis Poverty","first-page":"54","article-title":"Vector control in China, from malaria endemic to elimination and challenges ahead","volume":"11","author":"Feng","year":"2022"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis","first-page":"201","article-title":"The progress of national malaria elimination and epidemiological characteristics of malaria in 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Site-specific biases in clinical trials underestimate the effect of radical cure on Plasmodium vivax hypnozoites","volume":"20","author":"Huber","year":"2021"},{"key":"b51","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"1199","article-title":"Relapse of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale malaria with and without primaquine treatment in a nonendemic area","volume":"74","author":"W\u00e5ngdahl","year":"2022"},{"key":"b52","series-title":"PLoS Med","first-page":"e1003535","article-title":"Estimated impact of tafenoquine for Plasmodium vivax control and elimination in Brazil: A modelling study","volume":"18","author":"Nekkab","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/112\/3\/article-p593.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/112\/3\/article-p593.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/112\/3\/article-p593.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T14:33:53Z","timestamp":1741185233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/112\/3\/article-p593.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0312","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]]}}}