{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:32:54Z","timestamp":1787031174902,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Children in low-resource settings often consume microbially contaminated food, risking their health. We evaluated the impact of a food hygiene intervention on complementary food contamination in Bangladesh. A 3-year homestead food production intervention was complemented by an 8-month behavior change module to improve household food hygiene practices and evaluated in a cluster-randomized controlled trial, including a dedicated study measuring outcomes along the hygiene pathway to intestinal health. We used multilevel regression to assess the intervention\u2019s impact on microbial food contamination as well as food hygiene knowledge (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 518) and reported practices (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 531) among mothers of children 6\u201323 months of age. Complementary food samples were collected from 342 households with children 6\u201318 months of age and tested for\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Overall, 46% of food samples were contaminated with\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (43% intervention, 51% control), and there was no evidence that the intervention reduced food contamination (odds ratio: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.35\u20131.21). A higher proportion of intervention mothers could name all key food hygiene practices (23% intervention versus 1% control), had access to a basic handwashing station near the kitchen (24% versus 14%), reported washing hands before food preparation and child feeding (21% versus 8%), reported washing and storing feeding utensils safely (61% versus 49%), and reported preparing food fresh or reheating stored food (88% versus 79%) compared with control mothers. The intervention thus improved knowledge and reported food hygiene practices among mothers, but this improvement did not result in a substantial reduction of complementary food contamination.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T08:26:51Z","timestamp":1739867211000},"page":"1152-1161","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of Behavior Change Intervention on Complementary Food Contamination in Rural Bangladesh: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Tarique Md.","family":"Nurul Huda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia;"},{"name":"Environmental Health and WASH, Health System and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna A.","family":"M\u00fcller-Hauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department 2, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany;"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Institute of Public Health, Berlin, Germany;"},{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shafinaz","family":"Sobhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department 2, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany;"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Institute of Public Health, Berlin, Germany;"},{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaheen","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health and WASH, Health System and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesmin","family":"Sultana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health and WASH, Health System and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahbubur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health and WASH, Health System and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh;"},{"name":"Global Health and Migration Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Aminul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington;"},{"name":"Food Microbiology Laboratory, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Om Prasad","family":"Gautam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WaterAid United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda S.","family":"Wendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department 2, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany;"},{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jillian L.","family":"Waid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department 2, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany;"},{"name":"Helen Keller International, Bangladesh Country Office, Research, Learning and Evaluation, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Gabrysch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department 2, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany;"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Institute of Public Health, Berlin, Germany;"},{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"909","article-title":"Estimates of global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, 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