{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T17:39:53Z","timestamp":1788716393198,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Sub-Saharan Africa has a high burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The lack of surveillance programs has led to low rates of diagnosis and treatment, particularly in rural areas. We conducted mobile HBV-HCC screening clinics in rural Tanzania between March 2021 and February 2023. After undergoing informed consent, patients completed a questionnaire about HBV. A rapid point-of-care (POC) assay measured HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), and HBsAg-positive patients underwent POC ultrasound to screen for HCC and POC hepatitis C (HCV) antibody testing. The primary outcome was number of HBV diagnoses, and the secondary outcome was prevalence of liver masses in HBsAg-positive individuals. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Five hundred and one patients were screened for HBV; 63% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 303) were female with median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 40 (28\u201355) years. Only 6% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 30) reported being vaccinated against HBV, 92% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 453) reported no vaccination, and 2% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 12) did not know their vaccination status. Seventy-six percent (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 340) did not know they should get vaccinated, and 4% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 16) reported that vaccination was too expensive. Two percent (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 11) of patients were positive for HBsAg, with 55% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 6) of those being female with median (IQR) age of 36 (34\u201343) years. None of the HBsAg-positive patients reported being vaccinated against HBV, and all were negative for HCV. On ultrasound, one patient had a liver mass, and another had ascites. We demonstrated that community-based HBV and HCC screening can be implemented in Africa with local partnerships, and this model could be used to promote awareness and improve early detection of disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T08:05:45Z","timestamp":1736323545000},"page":"167-172","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Community-Based Point-of-Care Screening for Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rural Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Manaswita","family":"Tappata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnstone","family":"Kayandabila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Arusha Lutheran Medical Center, Arusha, Tanzania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samwel","family":"Seth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Arusha Lutheran Medical Center, Arusha, Tanzania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benson","family":"Lyimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Arusha Lutheran Medical Center, Arusha, Tanzania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose D.","family":"Debes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Arusha Lutheran Medical Center, Arusha, Tanzania;"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Gastroenterology","first-page":"1264","article-title":"Epidemiology of viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"142","author":"El-Serag","year":"2012"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Hepatol Res","first-page":"S9","article-title":"Epidemiology 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