{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T05:23:55Z","timestamp":1736400235091,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There are conflicting reports regarding the roles of T helper-17 (<jats:italic>Th17<\/jats:italic>) and T regulatory (<jats:italic>Treg<\/jats:italic>) cells in type 1 leprosy reactions (<jats:italic>T1Rs<\/jats:italic>). Also, literature on the correlation of immunological parameters with a validated scoring system and the effect of treatment on cytokines is lacking. Adult patients with untreated T1R and nonreactional spectrum\u2013matched controls were included in the study for comparison of levels of Th17 and Treg pathway cytokines in serum, skin lesions (reactional), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) culture supernatants. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline and after resolution of reaction (post treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs] or steroids) for serum cytokine estimation and PBMC stimulation assays, and lesional (reactional) skin biopsy for cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) estimation. Thirty-two cases of T1R were recruited (23 patients completed follow-up). Serum levels of cytokines were not significantly different between cases and controls or between pre- and post-treatment samples. Tissue mRNA and <jats:italic>Mycobacterium leprae<\/jats:italic> (M. leprae) antigen\u2013stimulated PBMC culture supernatant levels of Interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17F, IL-6, and IL-23 were significantly higher in T1R <jats:italic>than in<\/jats:italic> controls. Levels of IL-10 and Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-\u03b2) were comparable among the two groups. The levels of all cytokines <jats:italic>were<\/jats:italic> significantly reduced after treatment. There was no significant difference in magnitude of <jats:italic>the<\/jats:italic> fall between those treated with steroids versus NSAIDs. This study suggests heightened Th17 response in T1R, with a prominent inability of the regulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-\u03b2 to control the associated inflammation. The dynamics of change after resolution of T1R were comparable between NSAID and oral steroid treatment groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T21:23:53Z","timestamp":1730237033000},"page":"128-134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Th17 and T Regulatory Cytokines in Serum, Lesional Skin, and Stimulated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Culture Supernatants from Type 1 Leprosy Reaction Patients"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Srishti","family":"Dabas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ananta","family":"Khurana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Itu","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanley Browne Laboratory, The Leprosy Mission Community Hospital, New Delhi, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinay Kumar","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanley Browne Laboratory, The Leprosy Mission Community Hospital, New Delhi, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parul","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kabir","family":"Sardana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjeet","family":"Panesar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Savitha","family":"Sharath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Front Immunol","first-page":"233","article-title":"A systematic review of immunological studies of erythema nodosum leprosum","volume":"8","author":"Polycarpou","year":"2017"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Lepr Rev","first-page":"372","article-title":"Leprosy type 1. 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