{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T04:12:55Z","timestamp":1743653575280,"version":"3.40.3"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The burden of pathogenic enteric protozoa and soil-transmitted helminths among impoverished populations living on the Texas\u2013Mexico border is unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional study on an ongoing longitudinal cohort of 616 adults residing in Starr County, Texas. A total of 359 adults were screened for four protozoa and five soil-transmitted helminths by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. This analysis identified 48 (13.4%) participants who tested positive for <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> sp., three (0.8%) who tested positive for <jats:italic>Giardia intestinalis<\/jats:italic>, and one (0.3%) who tested positive for <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic> and was also coinfected with <jats:italic>Blastocystis sp<\/jats:italic>. Infection was significantly associated with age, a lack of health insurance, and living outside of a colonia. We recommend additional epidemiologic investigations to examine risk factors contributing to protozoa and soil-transmitted helminth disease transmission in border counties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T17:49:17Z","timestamp":1738086557000},"page":"816-818","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidemiologic Investigation of Protozoa and Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Starr County, Texas"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Leining","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Section of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas;"},{"name":"William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas;"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, UTHealth Houston School of Public Health, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy A.","family":"Erickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig L.","family":"Hanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, UTHealth Houston School of Public Health, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cici","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, UTHealth Houston School of Public Health, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maya D.","family":"Murry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Section of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas;"},{"name":"William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric L.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, UTHealth Houston School of Public Health, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rojelio","family":"Mejia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Section of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Gunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Section of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas;"},{"name":"William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Rev Environ Contam Toxicol","first-page":"117","article-title":"Risk of waterborne illness via drinking water in the United States","volume":"192","author":"Reynolds","year":"2008"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Water Health","first-page":"1","article-title":"Limiting swimming pool outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis \u2013 The roles of regulations, staff, patrons and research","volume":"15","author":"Ryan","year":"2017"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Curr Trop Med Rep","first-page":"32","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminths in the USA: A review of five common parasites and future directions for avenues of enhanced epidemiologic inquiry","volume":"8","author":"Lynn","year":"2021"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1386","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasites in a low-income Texas community","volume":"102","author":"Singer","year":"2020"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Sch Health","first-page":"411","article-title":"Intestinal parasites in children from three west Texas border communities","volume":"74","author":"Escobedo","year":"2004"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"J Water Health","first-page":"1329","article-title":"Health impacts of water and sanitation insecurity in the Global North: A scoping literature review for U.S. colonias on the Mexico border","volume":"20","author":"Zheng","year":"2022"},{"series-title":"QuickFacts: Starr County, Texas","key":"b7"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Front Public Health","first-page":"832266","article-title":"Epidemiology of antibiotic use and drivers of cross-border procurement in a Mexican American border community","volume":"10","author":"Essigmann","year":"2022"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1041","article-title":"A novel, multi-parallel, real-time polymerase chain reaction approach for eight gastrointestinal parasites provides improved diagnostic capabilities to resource-limited at-risk populations","volume":"88","author":"Mejia","year":"2013"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Am J Public Health","first-page":"1137","article-title":"Area deprivation and widening inequalities in US mortality, 1969\u20131998","volume":"93","author":"Singh","year":"2003"},{"series-title":"Ken Paxton, Office of the Attorney General of Texas","key":"b11"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0009684","article-title":"Infection with Blastocystis spp. and its association with enteric infections and environmental enteric dysfunction among slum-dwelling malnourished adults in Bangladesh","volume":"15","author":"Fahim","year":"2021"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Trends Parasitol","first-page":"925","article-title":"Gut protozoa: Friends or foes of the human gut microbiota?","volume":"33","author":"Chab\u00e9","year":"2017"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"639","article-title":"New insights on classification, identification, and clinical relevance of Blastocystis spp","volume":"21","author":"Tan","year":"2008"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Infect Genet Evol","first-page":"105085","article-title":"Epidemiology and subtype distribution of Blastocystis in humans: A review","volume":"95","author":"Popruk","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/112\/4\/article-p816.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/112\/4\/article-p816.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/112\/4\/article-p816.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T13:32:50Z","timestamp":1743600770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/112\/4\/article-p816.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0364","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9637"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1476-1645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]}}}