{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:32:55Z","timestamp":1787031175445,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Congenital syphilis is a preventable infectious disease that is rising in low- and middle-income countries. The CDC classifies congenital syphilis into four clinical scenarios to guide diagnosis and treatment: Scenario 1, proven or highly probable congenital syphilis; Scenario 2, possible congenital syphilis; Scenario 3, less likely congenital syphilis; and Scenario 4, unlikely congenital syphilis. Geolocation is crucial for analyzing the distribution of infectious diseases by pinpointing high-prevalence areas and enabling targeted interventions. This retrospective observational study analyzed Scenario 1 and 2 cases from a tertiary hospital in Monterrey, Mexico (2016 to 2024). Geocoding was performed by converting descriptive location data, such as patients\u2019 postal codes, into geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) using Python v. 3.10.13 (Python Software Foundation, Wilmington, DE). These coordinates were then used in spatial analysis and visualized through kernel density mapping to identify high-incidence zones. Logistic regression identified associations with geographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors, and odds ratios quantified risks. Data analysis was performed with SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). A total of 167 Scenario 1 and 2 cases were identified, with the highest incidence in 2023 (82.3%,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 51). The mean maternal age was 23 years; 56.3% of maternal syphilis cases were diagnosed postpartum, 49.7% of cases were late latent syphilis, and 48.5% of patients received no treatment. Higher prevalence was observed in densely populated areas such as Monterrey. This study highlights the utility of geolocation and kernel mapping for designing prevention strategies tailored to high-risk regions. Strengthening prenatal care, early diagnostic testing, and timely treatment is crucial for reducing congenital syphilis rates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T13:39:07Z","timestamp":1745933947000},"page":"163-169","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Spatial Distribution and Epidemiological Characterization of Congenital Syphilis in Monterrey, Mexico, 2016\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Denisse Natalie","family":"Vaquera Aparicio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics\/Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Universitario \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 Eleuterio Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Monterrey, Mexico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Iv\u00e1n","family":"Castillo Bejarano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics\/Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Universitario \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 Eleuterio Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Monterrey, Mexico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abiel","family":"Mascare\u00f1as de los Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics\/Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Universitario \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 Eleuterio Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Monterrey, Mexico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul Santiago","family":"Arcos Viscarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics\/Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Universitario \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 Eleuterio Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Monterrey, Mexico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Fernanda","family":"Cid Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics\/Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Universitario \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 Eleuterio Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Monterrey, Mexico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego Armando","family":"Alvarado-Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics\/Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Universitario \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 Eleuterio Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Monterrey, Mexico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Paulina","family":"Rosales-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics\/Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Universitario \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 Eleuterio Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Monterrey, Mexico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kassandra Abigail","family":"Mart\u00ednez Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 Eleuterio Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Monterrey, Mexico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid Gabriela","family":"L\u00f3pez-Reyna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 Eleuterio Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Monterrey, Mexico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel Alejandro","family":"Salda\u00f1a Chac\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consejo Regulador de Tequila, Jardines de Guadalupe Zapopan, Mexico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana Patricia","family":"Cant\u00fa Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Epidemiological and Surveillance Unit, Christus Muguerza Alta Especialidad, Monterrey, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Am Fam Physician","first-page":"91","article-title":"Syphilis: Far from ancient history","volume":"102","author":"Ricco","year":"2020"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"l4159","article-title":"Syphilis","volume":"365","author":"O\u2019Byrne","year":"2019"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0143304","article-title":"Global estimates of the prevalence and incidence of four curable sexually transmitted infections in 2012 based on systematic review and global reporting","volume":"10","author":"Newman","year":"2015"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"JMIR Res 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prevention\u2014California, 2012 to 2014","volume":"45","author":"Biswas","year":"2018"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e56713","article-title":"Early antenatal care: Does it make a difference to outcomes of pregnancy associated with syphilis? 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