{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:32:55Z","timestamp":1787031175238,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) is the main cause of medical attention in the tropics worldwide. Malaria, arboviral diseases, and leptospirosis are the most important etiologies. These are highly endemic in the Urab\u00e1 antioque\u00f1o, Colombia, being the main causes of fever in several municipalities in this region. However, up-to-date data regarding the infecting species and serotypes are lacking. Thus, we characterized the etiology of AUFI, focusing on malaria, arboviruses, and leptospirosis in this region and the circulating infecting species. An active surveillance was conducted between January and April 2022, and July and October 2023 in two local hospitals in the Urab\u00e1 antioque\u00f1o. Febrile patients were enrolled voluntarily. Malaria, arboviral diseases, and leptospirosis were screened through direct, serological, molecular, and rapid diagnostic methods. Amplicons obtained for dengue virus (DENV) and\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. were analyzed through phylogenetic analysis. A total of 184 febrile patients were enrolled. A confirmed etiology was detected in 43.4% of patients from Apartad\u00f3 and 61.2% from Turbo. Malaria was the most frequent cause in both municipalities, which was caused mainly by\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Apartad\u00f3 and\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Turbo. Dengue virus serotype 1 genotype V, DENV genotype Asian-American, and DENV genotype Cosmopolitan were identified, as well as pathogenic\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    species closely related to\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira santarosai<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira noguchii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The present study confirms the importance of malaria, dengue fever, and leptospirosis in the Urab\u00e1 antioque\u00f1o.\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    were identified, as well as two DENV serotypes and three DENV genotypes and two different\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T09:27:54Z","timestamp":1732613274000},"page":"403-413","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Malaria, Dengue Fever, and Leptospirosis in the Urab\u00e1 Antioque\u00f1o Region, Colombia: Etiological and Molecular Characterization among Patients with Acute Undifferentiated Febrile Illness"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Nicaela","family":"Restrepo-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Veterinarias Centauro, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn, Colombia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Ramiro","family":"Silva-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan David","family":"Rodas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Veterinarias Centauro, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn, Colombia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Arboleda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical, Universidad CES, Medell\u00edn, Colombia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Veterinarias Centauro, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn, Colombia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Uribe-Restrepo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias de la Vida y de la Salud, Escuela de Graduados, Universidad CES, Medell\u00edn, Colombia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piedad","family":"Agudelo-Fl\u00f3rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias de la Vida y de la Salud, Escuela de Graduados, Universidad CES, Medell\u00edn, Colombia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Tob\u00f3n-Casta\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn, Colombia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marylin","family":"Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Melby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;"},{"name":"Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia V.","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel M.","family":"Cabada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;"},{"name":"Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;"},{"name":"Sede Cusco\u2014Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Inmunovirolog\u00eda, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"_","family":"_","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect","first-page":"806","article-title":"Fever in the tropics: The ultimate clinical challenge?","volume":"24","author":"Bottieau","year":"2018"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"622","article-title":"Etiologies of acute undifferentiated febrile illness in Bangkok, Thailand","volume":"100","author":"Luvira","year":"2019"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Arch Intern Med","first-page":"1642","article-title":"Etiology and outcome of fever after a stay in the tropics","volume":"166","author":"Bottieau","year":"2006"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"e27","article-title":"Zoonotic causes of febrile illness in malaria endemic countries: A 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