{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T21:31:11Z","timestamp":1792704671951,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) epidemic has spread through the state of Baja California, Mexico over the last decade and a half, beginning in Mexicali, and subsequently to Tijuana and to Ensenada by 2018. In October of 2022, we surveyed dogs and homes in randomly selected \u00c1reas Geoestadisticas B\u00e1sicas (AGEBs) with and without reported human cases. Brown dog ticks (<jats:italic>Rhipicephalus sanguineus<\/jats:italic> sensu lato) were found on 33.9% of dogs and in the yards of 23.6% of homes. Homes from AGEBs with cases had over a 6-fold increased odds of ticks being present in the yard than AGEBs without reported cases. Both dogs that were permitted to roam and the presence of roaming dogs in the neighborhood were strongly associated with tick infestation of dogs and homes. No ticks or blood samples were polymerase chain reaction-positive for <jats:italic>Rickettsia (R.) rickettsii<\/jats:italic>, the causative agent of RMSF, although 54.6% of dogs were seropositive for spotted fever group rickettsiae, and 17.4% were seropositive for typhus group rickettsiae. <jats:italic>R. massiliae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>R. felis<\/jats:italic> were detected in eight (1.3%) and 29 (4.8%) ticks, respectively; and <jats:italic>R. felis<\/jats:italic> was also detected in eight (4.6%) dog blood samples. Although the pathogenic potential of these other rickettsial species and their role in RMSF transmission remains unclear, our data on tick burdens in dogs and homes as risk factors for RMSF exposure provide further support to the pivotal need to reduce tick burdens and the numbers of roaming dogs to successfully manage the RMSF epidemic in northern Mexico.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T13:26:46Z","timestamp":1739885206000},"page":"1096-1112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Rickettsial Pathogens in Dogs and Ticks During an Epidemic of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in Ensenada, Baja California, M\u00e9xico"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Backus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California;"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Rubino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s M.","family":"L\u00f3pez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California;"},{"name":"Red de Biolog\u00eda y Conservaci\u00f3n de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda, A.C, Xalapa, M\u00e9xico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar E.","family":"Zazueta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"Departamento de Epidemiolog\u00eda, Secretar\u00eda de Salud de Baja California, Mexicali, M\u00e9xico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Borboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Epidemiolog\u00eda, Secretar\u00eda de Salud de Baja California, Mexicali, M\u00e9xico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexa C.","family":"Quintana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, Center for Laboratory Sciences, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Will","family":"Probert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, Center for Laboratory Sciences, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill K.","family":"Hacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, Center for Laboratory Sciences, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"G\u00f3mez-Castellanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Epidemiolog\u00eda, Secretar\u00eda de Salud de Baja California, Mexicali, M\u00e9xico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie C.","family":"Inustroza-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Epidemiolog\u00eda, Secretar\u00eda de Salud de Baja California, Mexicali, M\u00e9xico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Herrera Olivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ecolog\u00eda, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, M\u00e9xico City, M\u00e9xico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Paddock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Foley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"ILAR J","first-page":"319","article-title":"Tick-borne zoonoses in the United States: Persistent and emerging threats to human health","volume":"58","author":"Eisen","year":"2017"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis 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