{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T14:59:05Z","timestamp":1793372345363,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Zambia experienced the largest cholera epidemic in the country\u2019s history in 2023\u20132024; however, the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic> during the epidemic is unknown. A total of 2,384 stool samples were collected from suspected cholera cases in Eastern, Lusaka, and Luapula provinces in Zambia from January 2023 to March 2024. Among them, 549 (23.5%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 549 of 2,341) were culture positive for <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> O1, and antimicrobial susceptibility results were available for 431 (78.5%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 431 of 549). Sensitivity for tetracycline was 84.5% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 316 of 374) in Lusaka, whereas it was 100% in Eastern and Luapula provinces. Isolates resistant to azithromycin were found only in Lusaka (1.6%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1 of 61). Sensitivity for ciprofloxacin was 81.8% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 260 of 318) in Lusaka province, whereas it was 100% in other provinces. Our results suggested an increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in<jats:italic> V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> against the first- and second-line antibiotic treatments, particularly in the capital. Careful monitoring of the regional antibiogram is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T20:14:02Z","timestamp":1737490442000},"page":"845-848","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Increased Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Vibrio cholerae in the Capital and Provincial Areas of Zambia, January 2023\u2013February 2024"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Thandiwe Msipu","family":"Phiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of National Public Health Laboratory Services, Zambia National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadatsugu","family":"Imamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo, Japan;"},{"name":"National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Chibale","family":"Mwansa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of National Public Health Laboratory Services, Zambia National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilunga","family":"Mathews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of National Public Health Laboratory Services, Zambia National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frazer","family":"Mtine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of National Public Health Laboratory Services, Zambia National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jedidiah","family":"Chanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of National Public Health Laboratory Services, Zambia National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mulenga","family":"Salasini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of National Public Health Laboratory Services, Zambia National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Funaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kapona","family":"Otridah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of National Public Health Laboratory Services, Zambia National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Lusaka, Zambia;"},{"name":"Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunda","family":"Musonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of National Public Health Laboratory Services, Zambia National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Lusaka, Zambia;"},{"name":"Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roma","family":"Chilengi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"484","article-title":"Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistant cholera in Kenya and East Africa","volume":"39","author":"Finch","year":"1988"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Treating Cholera","year":"2024"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Risk Assessment and Mapping of Cholera Hotspots in Zambia: Review of Epidemiological Data from 2016 to 2019","year":"2020"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"556","article-title":"Cholera epidemic\u2014Lusaka, Zambia, October 2017\u2013May 2018","volume":"67","author":"Sinyange","year":"2018"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Press Release on Cholera Outbreak in the Country","year":"2023"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Press Statement on the Cholera Situation in Zambia and Receipt of Oral Cholera Vaccines","year":"2024"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Cholera Outbreak in Lusaka: One Fatality and Swift Response","year":"2023"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Ministerial Statement on the Cholera Outbreak in Zambia","year":"2024"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Methods for Antimicrobial Dilution and Disk Susceptibility Testing of Infrequently Isolated or Fastidious Bacteria, 3rd Edition","year":"2015"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control","first-page":"115","article-title":"Global status of tetracycline resistance among clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2021"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"847","article-title":"Antimicrobial drug resistance of Vibrio cholerae, Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"21","author":"Miwanda","year":"2015"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist","first-page":"dlae034","article-title":"Community antibiotic consumption and associated factors in Lusaka district of Zambia: Findings and implications for antimicrobial resistance and stewardship","volume":"6","author":"Ngoma","year":"2024"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0228555","article-title":"Antimicrobial usage at a large teaching hospital in Lusaka, Zambia","volume":"15","author":"Masich","year":"2020"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"e133","article-title":"Long-term comparison of antibiotic resistance in Vibrio cholerae O1 and Shigella species between urban and rural Bangladesh","volume":"58","author":"Klontz","year":"2014"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"575","article-title":"National hospital-based sentinel surveillance for cholera in Bangladesh: Epidemiological results from 2014 to 2021","volume":"109","author":"Islam","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and 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