{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T04:10:39Z","timestamp":1746677439152,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Coup de Sabre is a subset of localized linear scleroderma disease influenced by autoimmune, vascular, and genetic factors. The disease often follows an active, relapsing, and remitting course causing the development of permanent sequelae, such as tissue atrophy, pigment alterations, and bony deformities. Treatment strategies have ranged from surgical to injectable and medical management approaches with varying success. Although more common in pediatric patients, Coup de Sabre remains rare, with limited literature available on disease course and treatment outcomes, particularly in the sub-Saharan African population. Furthermore, the existence of autoimmune conditions occurring simultaneously with HIV infection presents an interesting discussion of the interplay between antiretroviral medication, immune dysregulation, and autoimmunity. This case report describes an 11-year-old HIV-positive male in Lilongwe, Malawi with mixed subtype of localized scleroderma manifesting most prominently as Coup de Sabre that remained undiagnosed for 7 years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T20:26:41Z","timestamp":1741724801000},"page":"1044-1047","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of Coup de Sabre in an HIV-Positive Patient: A Case Study from Lilongwe, Malawi"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Katherine","family":"Naeger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kia","family":"Quinlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelvin","family":"Jobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine Children\u2019s Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marietta","family":"DeGuzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brigid E.","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine Children\u2019s Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi;"},{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine International Pediatric AIDS Initiative at Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob L.","family":"Todd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine Children\u2019s Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi;"},{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine International Pediatric AIDS Initiative at Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","first-page":"1019","article-title":"Consensus-based recommendations for the management of juvenile localised scleroderma","volume":"78","author":"Zulian","year":"2019"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Pediatr","first-page":"248","article-title":"Congenital localized scleroderma","volume":"149","author":"Zulian","year":"2006"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Dermatol Rep","first-page":"9537","article-title":"En coup de sabre morphea: An uncommon condition in Africa","volume":"15","author":"Makhakhe","year":"2022"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol","first-page":"217","article-title":"Update on morphea: Part I. 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