{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:48:09Z","timestamp":1755218889954,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health concern. People living with HIV (PLHIV) are at an increased risk of developing active TB, with a 20-fold higher risk compared with those without HIV infection. Gaps in TB knowledge among PLHIV patients have been linked to delays in the diagnosis of TB and poor adherence to TB medications, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. In the current study, the correct knowledge of TB and its determinants among PLHIV patients attending a district antiretroviral therapy (ART) center in Karnataka, India, was assessed. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a district ART facility in Karnataka between October 2022 and April 2023. A pretested questionnaire was used to gather data, and SPSS version 29.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) was used for analysis. The proportion of PLHIV with correct TB knowledge and sources was expressed in percentages. Associations between correct TB knowledge and sociodemographic variables were assessed using \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and Fisher\u2019s tests. Among 432 participants, 222 (51.4%) were male, and 191 (44.1%) had education beyond high school. Correct TB knowledge was found in 253 (58.5%) participants and was significantly associated with educational status, monthly family income, source of TB information, TB preventive treatment intake, and public attitude stigma in multivariate analysis. Healthcare workers were the primary source of correct TB knowledge for 388 (97.4%) participants. This study highlights the need to strengthen TB education and awareness among PLHIV to improve their health-seeking behavior and facilitate early TB detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T13:25:53Z","timestamp":1748352353000},"page":"404-411","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Correct Knowledge about Tuberculosis and Determinants among People Living with HIV Attending a District Antiretroviral Treatment Center in the State of Karnataka, India"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Jeni","family":"Jacob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ankeeta","family":"Menona Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Avinash K.","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Office of Global Health, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"year":"2023","key":"b1"},{"year":"2023","key":"b2"},{"year":"2023","key":"b3"},{"series-title":"End TB Strategy \u2013 Progress in Implementing the Global Strategy and Targets for Tuberculosis Prevention, Care and Control after 2015 (the End TB Strategy).","key":"b4"},{"year":"2023","series-title":"Report \u2013 UNAIDS \u2013 Global Report 2023","key":"b5"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"PLoS Pathog","first-page":"e1002464","article-title":"Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection","volume":"8","author":"Pawlowski","year":"2012"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Edu Pol Entrepreneurial Res","first-page":"311","article-title":"Educational level, sex and church affiliation on health seeking behaviour among parishioners in Makurdi metropolis of Benue State","volume":"1","author":"Ihaji","year":"2014"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Indian J Tuberc","first-page":"437","article-title":"An insight from National Family Health Surveys on changing trends in prevalence and knowledge regarding TB in India","volume":"71","author":"Jacob","year":"2024"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Malaysian J Med Health Sci","first-page":"45","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude and preventive practices regarding Tuberculosis among HIV patients in general hospital Minna, north-central Nigeria","volume":"14","author":"Bisallah","year":"2018"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"BMC Health Serv Res","first-page":"898","article-title":"Factors influencing the implementation of TB screening among PLHIV in selected HIV clinics in Ghana: A qualitative study","volume":"22","author":"Narh-Bana","year":"2022"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"J Lung Health Dis","first-page":"1","article-title":"A social and behavior change communication framework for addressing delays to appropriate TB care and treatment","volume":"3","author":"Almossawi","year":"2019"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"584","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of tuberculosis among people living with HIV\/AIDS in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Qi","year":"2023"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Enfermer\u00eda Cl\u00ednica","first-page":"S291","article-title":"Knowledge, stigma and health-seeking behavior of patients co-infected with HIV and tuberculosis in Jakarta","volume":"31","author":"Pampalia","year":"2021"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis","first-page":"181","article-title":"The content validity of an instrument that measures health-seeking behavior for tuberculosis among people living with HIV in India","volume":"9","author":"Jacob","year":"2024"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"AIDS Behav","first-page":"434","article-title":"Assessing HIV\/AIDS stigma in south India: Validation and abridgement of the Berger HIV stigma scale","volume":"17","author":"Jeyaseelan","year":"2013"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"J Int Assoc Provid Aids Care","first-page":"84","article-title":"Low tuberculosis knowledge among HIV-infected patients in a high HIV prevalence region within southeast India","volume":"12","author":"Arora","year":"2013"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Health Renaissance","first-page":"118","article-title":"Knowledge and practices regarding tuberculosis among people living with HIV\/AIDS","volume":"10","author":"Yadav","year":"2012"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0217836","article-title":"Study on knowledge about associated factors of tuberculosis (TB) and TB\/HIV co-infection among young adults in two districts of South Africa","volume":"14","author":"Shamu","year":"2019"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"J Infect Dis Immun","first-page":"1","article-title":"Knowledge and attitudes towards tuberculosis (TB) prevention among people living with HIV in Lagos, Nigeria","volume":"15","author":"Ebere","year":"2023"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Risk factors of tuberculosis infection among HIV\/AIDS patients in Burkina Faso","volume":"29","author":"M\u00e9da","year":"2013"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1266","article-title":"Tuberculosis knowledge among persons living with HIV attending a tertiary hospital in Lima, Peru","volume":"109","author":"Paredes","year":"2023"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"J Educ Health Promot","first-page":"322","article-title":"Need-based training of community health officers for tuberculosis care in Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra, India: A before and after study","volume":"10","author":"Baviskar","year":"2021"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"959","article-title":"Surveying the knowledge and practices of health professionals in China, India, Iran, and Mexico on treating tuberculosis","volume":"94","author":"Hoffman","year":"2016"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"BMJ Glob Health","first-page":"e015212","article-title":"Unlocking the potential of informal healthcare providers in tuberculosis care: Insights from India","volume":"9","author":"Thapa","year":"2024"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"PLoS Med","first-page":"e1002149","article-title":"The tuberculosis cascade of care in India\u2019s public sector: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Subbaraman","year":"2016"},{"year":"2018","article-title":"India TB Report 2018: Revised National TB Control Programme Annual Status Report","key":"b26"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med","first-page":"859","article-title":"Tuberculosis related stigma in India: Roadblocks and the way forward","volume":"15","author":"Thomas","year":"2021"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0307670","article-title":"Knowledge of tuberculosis preventive treatment among people living with HIV: A cross-sectional survey in selected regions of Tanzania","volume":"19","author":"Alexander","year":"2024"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0192276","article-title":"Effectiveness of health education intervention in improving knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding tuberculosis among HIV patients in General Hospital Minna, Nigeria \u2013 A randomized control trial","volume":"13","author":"Bisallah","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and 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