{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T14:02:08Z","timestamp":1764770528567,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Microbial translocation drives chronic immune activation that is linked to HIV disease progression. Invasive parasitic gut nematodes induce microbial translocation and downregulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We evaluated the impact of albendazole anthelmintic therapy on serum markers of microbial translocation and inflammation among helminth-infected Ugandans living with HIV. Participants were randomized to an immediate or delayed 400 mg of daily albendazole and followed for 1 month. Baseline stool analysis, conducted via multiparallel real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, determined the prevalence of parasitic infections. Baseline and follow-up blood draws evaluated soluble CD14 (sCD14), C-reactive protein (CRP), and 10 pro-inflammatory cytokines. Changes in biomarker concentrations over time and across randomization arms were evaluated using parametric and nonparametric tests. We enrolled 224 antiretroviral therapy-experienced Ugandan adults living with HIV. Twenty-four participants (10.7%) were infected with either\n                    <jats:italic>Necator americanus<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (12 immediate arm; 12 delayed arm). At baseline, participants with current helminth infection had increased concentrations of CRP, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 compared with uninfected participants. Among helminth-infected participants, those in the immediate therapy arm had nonsignificant higher mean sCD14 concentrations (1.40\n                    <jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/mL) at follow-up compared with participants in the delayed arm (95% CI: \u22120.17, 2.98;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.06) with no significant differences observed in other biomarker concentrations. Increases in sCD14 following anthelmintic treatment in this cohort require further investigation in larger cohorts with longer follow-up durations. However, incorporating anthelmintic therapy into routine adult HIV care may provide subtle health benefits in this potentially vulnerable population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T15:39:51Z","timestamp":1761233991000},"page":"1300-1310","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Anthelmintic Therapy for Invasive Helminth Infection on Microbial Translocation, Inflammation, and Immune Response among Ugandans Living with HIV: A Randomized Proof of Concept Study"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Bo\u017cena M.","family":"Morawski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miya","family":"Yunus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The AIDS Support Organization, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Sowinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda;"},{"name":"The Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California-San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Turyasingura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Gabrielle Bottazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Zanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kibirge","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Boulware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rojelio","family":"Mejia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Mol Cell Ther","first-page":"20","article-title":"Making sense of how HIV kills infected CD4 T cells: Implications for HIV cure","volume":"2","author":"Cummins","year":"2014"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"509","article-title":"Cell death by pyroptosis drives CD4 T-cell depletion in HIV-1 infection","volume":"505","author":"Doitsh","year":"2014"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Viruses","first-page":"586","article-title":"CD4+ T cell depletion in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: Role of apoptosis","volume":"3","author":"Fevrier","year":"2011"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1474","article-title":"Valganciclovir reduces T cell activation in HIV-infected individuals with incomplete CD4+ T cell recovery on antiretroviral 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