{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T02:19:25Z","timestamp":1788315565815,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Burkina Faso introduced 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 2013 and achieved &gt;90% three-dose coverage. Recently, the Sahel Region has experienced a security crisis, resulting in decreasing PCV13 coverage. We examined pneumococcal carriage before a mass PCV13 campaign in the Sahel Region in 2022. In January and February 2022, we conducted a cross-sectional, age-stratified pneumococcal carriage study among healthy individuals in Dori, the capital of the Sahel Region. We collected nasopharyngeal (all participants) and oropharyngeal swabs (participants 5 years old and older). Pneumococci isolated by culture were serotyped by polymerase chain reaction and\/or Quellung. We evaluated overall and vaccine serotype pneumococcal carriage prevalence by age group. Among 1,079 participants, overall pneumococcal carriage prevalence was 57.2%; carriage was highest in children 1 year old (71.8%) and 1\u201311 months old (69.7%) and lowest in participants 15 years old or older (30.0%). Vaccine serotype carriage prevalence was 12.8%, ranging from 5.6% in participants 15 years old or older to 17.8% in children 5\u201314 years old. PCV13 vaccination history was unknown for 59.6% of age-eligible children. Among children with card-confirmed or verbally reported PCV13 history, most (99.0%) had no history of PCV13 receipt. Eight years after PCV13 introduction and in a conflict-affected area with declining PCV13 coverage, more than 1 in 10 children and 1 in 20 participants 15 years old or older are colonized with a vaccine serotype. These results will be used to evaluate the mass PCV13 campaign impact and help inform policy surrounding pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use during humanitarian crises.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T17:39:51Z","timestamp":1745343591000},"page":"138-146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pneumococcal Carriage in the Sahel Region of Burkina Faso before a 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination Campaign"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Robert Lamoussa","family":"Zoma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Davycas International, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lana","family":"Childs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Programs, CDC Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Issa","family":"Ouedraogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de la pr\u00e9vention par la vaccination, Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 et de l\u2019Hygi\u00e8ne Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guetwend\u00e9","family":"Sawadogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Davycas International, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. F\u00e9lix","family":"Tarbangdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Davycas International, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aristide","family":"Zoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Bact\u00e9riologie, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soufiane","family":"Sanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Bact\u00e9riologie, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brice","family":"Bicaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Centre des Op\u00e9rations de R\u00e9ponse aux Urgences Sanitaires, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Sanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Centre des Op\u00e9rations de R\u00e9ponse aux Urgences Sanitaires, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahmina","family":"Akhter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahamoudou","family":"Ouattara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer R.","family":"Verani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"McGee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miwako","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Flavien","family":"Ak\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Davycas International, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"974","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality burden of non-COVID-19 lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990\u20132021: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"24","year":"2024"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec","first-page":"85","article-title":"Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in infants and children under 5 years of age: WHO position paper","volume":"94","year":"2019"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","first-page":"S109","article-title":"Systematic review of the effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine dosing schedules on vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease among young children","volume":"33","author":"Conklin","year":"2014"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","first-page":"S152","article-title":"Systematic review of the effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine dosing schedules on vaccine-type nasopharyngeal carriage","volume":"33","author":"Fleming-Dutra","year":"2014"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","first-page":"S161","article-title":"Systematic review of the indirect effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine dosing schedules on pneumococcal disease and colonization","volume":"33","author":"Loo","year":"2014"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Lancet Glob Health","first-page":"e51","article-title":"Indirect effects of childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Shiri","year":"2017"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother","first-page":"2314828","article-title":"Introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in humanitarian and fragile contexts: Perspectives from stakeholders in four African countries","volume":"20","author":"Dhaliwal","year":"2024"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Vaccine","first-page":"6787","article-title":"Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use during humanitarian crises","volume":"37","author":"van Zandvoort","year":"2019"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"WHO\/UNICEF Estimates of National Immunization Coverage","year":"2023"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis","first-page":"ofae303","article-title":"Pneumococcal carriage in Burkina Faso after 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction and before a schedule change","volume":"11","author":"Childs","year":"2024"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"S253","article-title":"Impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal meningitis, Burkina Faso, 2016\u20132017","volume":"220","author":"Soeters","year":"2019"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"UNHCR Global Focus Country Operations: Burkina Faso","year":"2024"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Annuaire statistique","year":"2022"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"National Council for Emergency Relief and Rehabilitation (CONASUR)","year":"2022"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Special News Bulletin: Catch-up Vaccination Campaign with PCV13 in the Sahel Health Region","year":"2022"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Vaccination in Acute Humanitarian Emergencies. 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