{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T19:02:01Z","timestamp":1793300521322,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex<\/jats:italic> (MTBC), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), remains a significant global health challenge, with an estimated 10.8 million cases diagnosed and 1.25 million deaths in 2023, according to the WHO. In this context, enhancing TB case detection using more sensitive diagnostic methods is essential. Here, we compared the performance of two commercial real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kits with the reference standards of smear microscopy, culture, and Gene Xpert. By analyzing 402 clinical specimens, we found that conventional DNA extraction, followed by real-time PCR, using either of the two commercial kits provided the highest sensitivity for detecting MTBC. Positivity values of 48.98\u201360.07% and 50.34\u201353.24% were obtained with the commercial kits \u201cVIASURE MTBC + non tuberculous mycobacterias (NTM) Real-Time PCR Detection Kit\u201d (Certest, Spain) and \u201cANYPLEX\u2122 MTB\/NTM Real-Time Detection Kit\u201d (Seegene, South Korea), respectively. In contrast, the reference standards yielded positivity values of 14.75% (smear microscopy), 32.65% (culture), and 28.95% (GeneXpert assay). These alternative methods should be considered as valuable tools to strengthen TB control and prevention strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T14:09:18Z","timestamp":1743516558000},"page":"1260-1263","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Conventional DNA Extraction Followed by Real-Time PCR Had Higher Sensitivity for Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Clinical Samples Compared to Standard Methods"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Angel Sebastian","family":"Rodriguez-Pazmi\u00f1o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas, Quito, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardo","family":"Castro-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas, Quito, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greta Esther","family":"Cardenas-Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas, Quito, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greta","family":"Franco-Sotomayor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Salud P\u00fablica e Investigaci\u00f3n, Guayaquil, Ecuador;"},{"name":"Universidad Cat\u00f3lica Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsy","family":"Carvajal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas, Quito, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joselyn","family":"Calderon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Salud P\u00fablica e Investigaci\u00f3n, Guayaquil, Ecuador;"},{"name":"Universidad Ecotec, Guayaquil, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darwin Santiago","family":"Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas, Quito, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidy","family":"Buena\u00f1o-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Salud P\u00fablica e Investigaci\u00f3n, Guayaquil, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Salud P\u00fablica e Investigaci\u00f3n, Guayaquil, Ecuador;"},{"name":"Universidad Ecotec, Guayaquil, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Macero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Cat\u00f3lica Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador;"},{"name":"Hospital de Infectolog\u00eda \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 Daniel Rodr\u00edguez Maridue\u00f1a,\u201d Ministerio de Salud P\u00fablica, Guayaquil, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Cat\u00f3lica Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador;"},{"name":"Hospital de Infectolog\u00eda \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 Daniel Rodr\u00edguez Maridue\u00f1a,\u201d Ministerio de Salud P\u00fablica, Guayaquil, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solon Alberto","family":"Orlando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Salud P\u00fablica e Investigaci\u00f3n, Guayaquil, Ecuador;"},{"name":"Universidad Esp\u00edritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel Angel","family":"Garcia-Bereguiain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas, Quito, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","article-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2024.","year":"2024"},{"key":"b2","article-title":"Tuberculosis.","year":"2024"},{"key":"b3","article-title":"The End TB Strategy.","year":"2015"},{"key":"b4","article-title":"Prevenci\u00f3n, Diagn\u00f3stico, Tratamiento y Control de la Tuberculosis.","year":"2022"},{"key":"b5","article-title":"AFB Smear Microscopy."},{"key":"b6","series-title":"J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis","first-page":"100465","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Ecuador: Recent advances and future challenges","volume":"37","author":"Castro-Rodriguez","year":"2024"},{"key":"b7","article-title":"Xpert\u00ae MTB\/RIF\u2014Instructions for Use.","year":"2017"},{"key":"b8","article-title":"VIASURE Real-Time PCR Detection Kits M. tuberculosis Complex + Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria.","year":"2024"},{"key":"b9","article-title":"Anyplex\u2122 MTB\/NTM Real-Time Detection.","year":"2025"},{"key":"b10","article-title":"Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex \u2013 Manual of Clinical Microbiology.","author":"Rowlinson","year":"2023"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"767","article-title":"The resurgence of tuberculosis: Is your laboratory ready?","volume":"31","author":"Tenover","year":"1993"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop","first-page":"e20200314","article-title":"Cost analysis of smear microscopy and the Xpert assay for tuberculosis diagnosis: Average turnaround time","volume":"53","author":"Figueredo","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and 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