{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T23:16:44Z","timestamp":1788909404388,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Dirofilariasis is an emerging zoonotic infection caused by filarial nematodes from the\n                    <jats:italic>Dirofilaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    genus, typically transmitted through mosquito bites. This case is unique because of the migratory nature of subcutaneous nodules, a presentation seldom associated with\n                    <jats:italic>Dirofilaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections. A 51-year-old Thai female presented with migratory subcutaneous nodules on her left arm. Initially misdiagnosed as cellulitis, she received empirical antibiotics, showing only partial improvement, and subsequently developed new nodules. A skin biopsy revealed nematode segments, and molecular identification confirmed\n                    <jats:italic>Dirofilaria repens<\/jats:italic>\n                    using polymerase chain reaction targeting the filarial mitochondrial 12s ribosomal RNA and internal transcribed spacer 1 genes. Treatment with a 3-week course of 400 mg oral albendazole resulted in complete resolution of the lesions. This case underscores the importance of molecular diagnostics when morphological identification is challenging as it enables accurate species identification, enhances disease management, and supports optimized treatment of unusual presentations of dirofilariasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T09:04:38Z","timestamp":1749027878000},"page":"1231-1234","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Migratory Soft-Tissue Swelling Owing to Subcutaneous Dirofilariasis"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Chudapa","family":"Sereeaphinan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suchanan","family":"Hanamornroongruang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panitta","family":"Sitthinamsuwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patsharaporn T.","family":"Sarasombath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siriraj Integrative Center for Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuda","family":"Rujitharanawong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis","first-page":"31","article-title":"Rapid detection and identification of Brugia malayi, B. pahangi, and Dirofilaria immitis by high-resolution melting assay","volume":"13","author":"Wongkamchai","year":"2013"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"829","article-title":"Integrated histological and molecular analysis of filarial species and associated Wolbachia endosymbionts in human filariasis cases presenting atypically in Thailand","volume":"111","author":"Sarasombath","year":"2024"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis","first-page":"2424","article-title":"Human dirofilariosis in the 21st century: A scoping review of clinical cases reported in the literature","volume":"69","author":"Sim\u00f3n","year":"2022"},{"key":"b4","article-title":"Parasites\u2014Dirofilariasis [Internet]. Atlanta 2023.","year":"2023"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"517","article-title":"Subcutaneous dirofilariosis (Dirofilaria repens): An infection spreading throughout the old world","volume":"10","author":"Genchi","year":"2017"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol","first-page":"929","article-title":"Mucocutaneous manifestations of helminth infections: Nematodes","volume":"73","author":"Lupi","year":"2015"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health","first-page":"611","article-title":"Armigeres subalbatus incriminated as an important vector of the dog heartworm Dirofilaria immitis and the bird Cardiofilaria in urban Kuala Lumpur","volume":"12","author":"Cheong","year":"1981"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"507","article-title":"Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic","volume":"25","author":"Sim\u00f3n","year":"2012"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"366","article-title":"Zoonotic filariasis","volume":"11","author":"Orihel","year":"1998"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Animals (Basel)","first-page":"1551","article-title":"Animal and human dirofilariasis in India and Sri Lanka: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Thilakarathne","year":"2023"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol","first-page":"668","article-title":"Multiple papules and nodules on the face and neck caused by the larvae of an unknown nematode: A noncreeping type eruption","volume":"58","author":"Sakai","year":"2008"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"181","article-title":"What is happening outside North America regarding human dirofilariasis?","volume":"133","author":"Sim\u00f3n","year":"2005"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol","first-page":"394","article-title":"Human subcutaneous dirofilariasis in India: A report of three cases with brief review of literature","volume":"28","author":"Khurana","year":"2010"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"J Travel Med","first-page":"116","article-title":"Increasing risks of human dirofilariasis in travelers","volume":"22","author":"Diaz","year":"2015"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Case Reports Plast Surg Hand Surg","first-page":"181","article-title":"Human subcutaneous dirofilariasis: The \u201cmigrating\u201d skin tumor","volume":"8","author":"Mistry","year":"2021"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Trop Parasitol","first-page":"125","article-title":"The first case report of subcutaneous dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria repens in Thailand","volume":"11","author":"Thongpiya","year":"2021"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"204","article-title":"Ocular dirofilariasis case in thailand confirmed by molecular analysis to be caused by dirofilaria immitis","volume":"106","author":"Somsap","year":"2021"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"199","article-title":"Case report: An eyelid nodule caused by candidatus dirofilaria hongkongensis diagnosed by mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequence","volume":"106","author":"Tirakunwichcha","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/112\/6\/article-p1231.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/112\/6\/article-p1231.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/112\/6\/article-p1231.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T09:04:38Z","timestamp":1749027878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/112\/6\/article-p1231.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0799","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]}}}