{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:32:55Z","timestamp":1787031175418,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Strongyloidiasis is a parasitic infection caused by the intestinal helminth\n                    <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). It is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions but increasingly diagnosed in nonendemic countries because of migration and travel. In immunocompromised patients, infection with\n                    <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    can lead to a potentially lethal hyperinfection syndrome. Consequently, several guidelines recommend screening immunocompromised patients for\n                    <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    IgG. We aimed to assess the yield of this screening in our tertiary hospital in the Netherlands, a nonendemic country. We performed a retrospective cohort study, in which we identified all immunocompromised patients and those expected to be immunocompromised who were tested for\n                    <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    IgG between January 2010 and April 2022. For these patients, we collected demographic and clinically relevant data from electronic patient files.\n                    <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    IgG test results were positive in 17\/379 patients (4.5%), all of whom were born in an endemic country. Eosinophilia was present in 7\/17 patients (41.2%). Over the years, the number of diagnostic tests performed for\n                    <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    IgG has increased significantly, but the number of positive test results per year has not. Focusing screening on patients who have lived in endemic regions and less on travelers will improve diagnostic yield. We recommend screening all immunocompromised patients from high-endemic countries and highly immunocompromised patients with relevant travel history. For less severely immunocompromised patients, screening should be individualized based on travel characteristics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T16:07:54Z","timestamp":1753200474000},"page":"827-832","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Diagnostic Yield of Strongyloides stercoralis Screening in Immunocompromised Patients and Those with Anticipated Immunocompromise in a Dutch Tertiary Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Elsemieke","family":"te Linde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja E.","family":"van Roeden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frans M.","family":"Verduyn Lunel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo G.","family":"Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LUCID, Subdepartment of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke H. W.","family":"Bruns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","article-title":"Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases."},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis","first-page":"102666","article-title":"Clinical presentation and diagnosis of imported strongyloidiasis at a tertiary hospital, Stockholm, Sweden","volume":"56","author":"Requena-Mendez","year":"2023"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"428","article-title":"Clinical and diagnostic features of 413 patients treated for imported strongyloidiasis at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London","volume":"101","author":"Ming","year":"2019"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"f4610","article-title":"Strongyloides stercoralis infection","volume":"347","author":"Greaves","year":"2013"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1305","article-title":"Morbidity associated with chronic Strongyloides stercoralis infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Tamarozzi","year":"2019"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"1411","article-title":"Strongyloidiasis in transplant patients","volume":"49","author":"Roxby","year":"2009"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Parasit Dis","first-page":"167","article-title":"Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome: A deeper understanding of a neglected disease","volume":"43","author":"Vasquez-Rios","year":"2019"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep","first-page":"35","article-title":"Update on strongyloidiasis in the immunocompromised host","volume":"13","author":"Marcos","year":"2011"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"78","article-title":"Severe strongyloidiasis: A systematic review of case reports","volume":"13","author":"Buonfrate","year":"2013"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis","first-page":"14","article-title":"Disseminated strongyloidiasis: A retrospective study of clinical course and outcome","volume":"25","author":"Lam","year":"2006"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"JAMA Netw Open","first-page":"e214920","article-title":"Prevalence of immunosuppressive drug use among commercially insured US adults, 2018\u20132019","volume":"4","author":"Wallace","year":"2021"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"645","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines for screening and management of strongyloidiasis in non-endemic countries","volume":"97","author":"Requena-Mendez","year":"2017"},{"key":"b13"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Transplantation","first-page":"S11","article-title":"KDIGO clinical practice guideline on the evaluation and management of candidates for kidney transplantation","volume":"104","author":"Chadban","year":"2020"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"J Crohns Colitis","first-page":"879","article-title":"ECCO guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and management of infections in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"15","author":"Kucharzik","year":"2021"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e2288","article-title":"Strongyloides stercoralis: Global distribution and risk factors","volume":"7","author":"Schar","year":"2013"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Rev Infect Dis","first-page":"954","article-title":"Risk of infectious complications in patients taking glucocorticosteroids","volume":"11","author":"Stuck","year":"1989"},{"key":"b18","article-title":"Vaccinatie Bij Chronisch Inflammatoire Aandoeningen."},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis","first-page":"203","article-title":"A practical approach to screening for Strongyloides stercoralis.","volume":"6","author":"Carnino","year":"2021"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd","first-page":"1174","article-title":"Strongyloides infections in former prisoners of war in South-East Asia in the second World War; Additional information from serological diagnosis","volume":"138","author":"Polderman","year":"1994"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Front Parasitol","first-page":"1277372","article-title":"Real-time PCR for diagnosing and monitoring treatment effect of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in a non-endemic setting","volume":"2","author":"Wammes","year":"2023"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis","first-page":"101561","article-title":"Strategies for management of strongyloidiasis in migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa recently arrived in Italy: A cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"36","author":"Zammarchi","year":"2020"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"84","article-title":"Travel-related schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, filariasis, and toxocariasis: The risk of infection and the diagnostic relevance of blood eosinophilia","volume":"11","author":"Baaten","year":"2011"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0197770","article-title":"Low incidence of helminth infections (schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, filariasis, toxocariasis) among Dutch long-term travelers: A prospective study, 2008-2011","volume":"13","author":"Overbosch","year":"2018"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"835","article-title":"Post-travel screening of asymptomatic long-term travelers to the tropics for intestinal parasites using molecular diagnostics","volume":"90","author":"Soonawala","year":"2014"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Am J Transplant","first-page":"S7","article-title":"Screening of donor and recipient prior to solid organ transplantation","volume":"9","author":"Fischer","year":"2009"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant","first-page":"1143","article-title":"Guidelines for preventing infectious complications among hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients: A global perspective","volume":"15","author":"Tomblyn","year":"2009"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol","first-page":"747","article-title":"World gastroenterology organisation global guidelines: Management of strongyloidiasis February 2018-compact version","volume":"54","author":"Farthing","year":"2020"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Infect Dis Poverty","first-page":"133","article-title":"Strongyloides stercoralis prevalence and diagnostics in Vientiane, Lao People\u2019s Democratic Republic","volume":"9","author":"Chankongsin","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/113\/4\/article-p827.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/113\/4\/article-p827.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/113\/4\/article-p827.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T17:29:51Z","timestamp":1759339791000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/113\/4\/article-p827.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0803","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}}}