{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T16:24:37Z","timestamp":1771259077543,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2_Suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Indoor residual insecticide spraying and the distribution of insecticide-treated nets have undoubtedly led to a significant reduction in the global malaria burden. However, insecticide resistance poses a threat to the effectiveness of these recommended control methods. In the present study, the aim was to determine the efficacy of SumiShield\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    50WG (Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), an insecticide containing clothianidin, a neonicotinoid, in controlling malaria vectors in Madagascar. The study was conducted over 9 months after the initial spraying in experimental huts made with walls coated using different substrates, and both wild anopheline mosquitoes and an\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>An. arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) insecticide-susceptible laboratory strain were used. Mortality in wild mosquitoes remained above the WHO threshold of 80.0% for up to 8 months post-spray, when assessed up to 96 hours after capture, depending on the type of wall surface. SumiShield 50WG did not induce exophily or inhibit blood-feeding in wild mosquitoes because no significant differences were observed between treated and control huts regarding the rates of exophily and blood-fed mosquitoes. In\n                    <jats:italic>An. arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the WHO mortality threshold was also met for up to 8 months post-spray when assessed up to 96 hours after exposure. However, during the ninth month, this threshold was not achieved, even when mortality was assessed up to 120 hours after exposure. The residual efficacy of the formulation, which lasts up to 8 months, is sufficient to cover the malaria transmission season in most endemic areas of Madagascar.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T15:52:29Z","timestamp":1761234749000},"page":"28-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of the Insecticide Formulation SumiShield\u00ae 50WG for Malaria Vector Control in Experimental Huts in Madagascar"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Thiery","family":"Nepomichene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rico","family":"Randrenjarison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaritiana","family":"Randriamanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Girod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","article-title":"World Malaria Report.","year":"2017"},{"key":"b2","article-title":"Global Plan for Insecticide Resistance Management in Malaria Vector.","year":"2012"},{"key":"b3","article-title":"Vector Control Product List.","year":"2024"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"192","article-title":"Bendiocarb resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from Atacora department in Benin, West Africa: A threat for malaria vector control","volume":"6","author":"A\u00efkpon","year":"2013"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"242","article-title":"Increased risks of malaria due to limited residual life of insecticide and outdoor biting versus protection by combined use of nets and indoor residual spraying on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea","volume":"11","author":"Bradley","year":"2012"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"71","article-title":"Multi-country assessment of residual bio-efficacy of insecticides used for indoor residual spraying in malaria control on different surface types: Results from program monitoring in 17 PMI\/USAID-supported IRS countries","volume":"11","author":"Dengela","year":"2018"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"242","article-title":"Six years of experience in entomological surveillance of indoor residual spraying against malaria transmission in Benin: Lessons learned, challenges and outlooks","volume":"14","author":"Akogb\u00e9to","year":"2015"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"\u00e9Mdecine Tropicale","first-page":"27","article-title":"Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude biologique des vecteurs du paludisme \u00e0 Madagascar: r\u00e9sultats de 5 ann\u00e9es d\u2019\u00e9tudes (1958\u20131962)","volume":"24","author":"Chauvet","year":"1964"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"28","article-title":"Is Anopheles mascarensis a new malaria vector in Madagascar?","volume":"46","author":"Fontenille","year":"1992"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot","first-page":"136","article-title":"[Anopheles mascarensis (De Meillon, 1947): Main vector of malaria in the region of Fort-Dauphin (south-east of Madagascar)]","volume":"92","author":"Marrama","year":"1999"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Med Vet Entomol","first-page":"259","article-title":"Molecular characterization of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s. in Madagascar","volume":"20","author":"Le Goff","year":"2006"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"475","article-title":"Malaria case in Madagascar, probable implication of a new vector, Anopheles coustani.","volume":"14","author":"Nepomichene","year":"2015"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"430","article-title":"Differential contribution of Anopheles coustani and Anopheles arabiensis to the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in two neighbouring villages of Madagascar","volume":"13","author":"Goupeyou-Youmsi","year":"2020"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Cahiers d\u2019\u00e9tudes et de recherches francophones\/Sant\u00e9","first-page":"392","article-title":"Lutte antivectorielle dans l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie des plateaux de Madagascar","volume":"5","author":"Randriantsimaniry","year":"1995"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"644","article-title":"Reappearance of Anopheles funestus as a malaria vector in the Antananarivo region, Madagascar","volume":"82","author":"Fontenille","year":"1988"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Arch Inst Pasteur Madag","first-page":"63","article-title":"Donn\u00e9es r\u00e9centes sur la sensibilit\u00e9 d\u2019Anopheles arabiensis et d\u2019Anopheles funestus aux pyr\u00e9thrino\u00efdes et au DDT sur les Hautes Terres Centrales de Madagascar: R\u00e9sultats pr\u00e9liminaires montrant une absence de la mutation kdr chez An. arabiensis.","volume":"69","author":"Ratovonjato","year":"2003"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"396","article-title":"Insecticide resistance status of three malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae (s.l.), An. funestus and An. mascarensis, from the south, central and east coasts of Madagascar","volume":"10","author":"Rakotoson","year":"2017"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Biomed Res Int","first-page":"5806179","article-title":"Evidence of insecticide resistance to pyrethroids and bendiocarb in Anopheles funestus from Tsararano, Marovoay District, Madagascar","volume":"2018","author":"Rakotondranaivo","year":"2018"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"264","article-title":"Susceptibility testing of Anopheles malaria vectors with the neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin; results from 16 African countries, in preparation for indoor residual spraying with new insecticide formulations","volume":"18","author":"Oxborough","year":"2019"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Chapter 40 \u2013 Neonicotinoids. Gupta RCBT-VT","first-page":"521","author":"Ensley","year":"2018"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"293","article-title":"Efficacy of a novel mode of action of an indoor residual spraying product, SumiShield\u00ae 50WG against susceptible and resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) in Benin, West Africa","volume":"11","author":"Agossa","year":"2018"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Insects","first-page":"112","article-title":"The residual efficacy of SumiShield\u2122 50WG and K-Othrine(\u00ae) WG250 IRS formulations applied to different building materials against Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes","volume":"13","author":"Lees","year":"2022"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"364","article-title":"Residual efficacy of SumiShield\u2122 50WG for indoor residual spraying in Ethiopia","volume":"21","author":"Yewhalaw","year":"2022"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"240","article-title":"Anthropophilic mosquitoes and malaria transmission in the eastern foothills of the central highlands of Madagascar","volume":"116","author":"Andrianaivolambo","year":"2010"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"J Med Entomol","first-page":"1031","article-title":"Efficacy of bendiocarb used for indoor residual spraying for malaria control in Madagascar: Results with local Anopheles species (Diptera: Culicidae) from experimental hut trials","volume":"54","author":"Randriamaherijaona","year":"2017"},{"key":"b26","article-title":"Guidelines for Testing Mosquito Adulticides for Indoor Residual Spraying and Treatment of Mosquito Nets.","year":"2006"},{"key":"b27","article-title":"Test Procedures for Insecticide Resistance Monitoring in Malaria Vector Mosquitoes Global Malaria Programme.","year":"2018"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"1","article-title":"IMP PCR primers detect single nucleotide polymorphisms for Anopheles gambiae species identification, Mopti and Savanna rDNA types, and resistance to dieldrin in Anopheles arabiensis.","volume":"5","author":"Wilkins","year":"2006"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"338","article-title":"Susceptibility status of Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) commonly used as biological materials for evaluations of malaria vector control tools in Madagascar","volume":"15","author":"Randriamaherijaona","year":"2016"},{"key":"b30","article-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.","year":"2020"},{"key":"b31","article-title":"Une formidable avanc\u00e9e dans la gestion de la r\u00e9sistance des vecteurs aux insecticides.","year":"2018"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Glob Health Sci Pract","first-page":"758","article-title":"Novel indoor residual spray insecticide with extended mortality effect: A case of SumiShield 50WG against wild resistant populations of Anopheles arabiensis in Northern Tanzania","volume":"6","author":"Kweka","year":"2018"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"72","article-title":"Indoor residual spray bio-efficacy and residual activity of a clothianidin-based formulation (SumiShield\u00ae 50WG) provides long persistence on various wall surfaces for malaria control in the Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"18","author":"Ngwej","year":"2019"},{"key":"b1","article-title":"World Malaria Report.","year":"2017"},{"key":"b2","article-title":"Global Plan for Insecticide Resistance Management in Malaria Vector.","year":"2012"},{"key":"b3","article-title":"Vector Control Product List.","year":"2024"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"192","article-title":"Bendiocarb resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from Atacora department in Benin, West Africa: A threat for malaria vector control","volume":"6","author":"A\u00efkpon","year":"2013"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"242","article-title":"Increased risks of malaria due to limited residual life of insecticide and outdoor biting versus protection by combined use of nets and indoor residual spraying on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea","volume":"11","author":"Bradley","year":"2012"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"71","article-title":"Multi-country assessment of residual bio-efficacy of insecticides used for indoor residual spraying in malaria control on different surface types: Results from program monitoring in 17 PMI\/USAID-supported IRS countries","volume":"11","author":"Dengela","year":"2018"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"242","article-title":"Six years of experience in entomological surveillance of indoor residual spraying against malaria transmission in Benin: Lessons learned, challenges and outlooks","volume":"14","author":"Akogb\u00e9to","year":"2015"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"\u00e9Mdecine Tropicale","first-page":"27","article-title":"Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude biologique des vecteurs du paludisme \u00e0 Madagascar: r\u00e9sultats de 5 ann\u00e9es d\u2019\u00e9tudes (1958\u20131962)","volume":"24","author":"Chauvet","year":"1964"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"28","article-title":"Is Anopheles mascarensis a new malaria vector in Madagascar?","volume":"46","author":"Fontenille","year":"1992"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot","first-page":"136","article-title":"[Anopheles mascarensis (De Meillon, 1947): Main vector of malaria in the region of Fort-Dauphin (south-east of Madagascar)]","volume":"92","author":"Marrama","year":"1999"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Med Vet Entomol","first-page":"259","article-title":"Molecular characterization of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s. in Madagascar","volume":"20","author":"Le Goff","year":"2006"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"475","article-title":"Malaria case in Madagascar, probable implication of a new vector, Anopheles coustani.","volume":"14","author":"Nepomichene","year":"2015"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"430","article-title":"Differential contribution of Anopheles coustani and Anopheles arabiensis to the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in two neighbouring villages of Madagascar","volume":"13","author":"Goupeyou-Youmsi","year":"2020"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Cahiers d\u2019\u00e9tudes et de recherches francophones\/Sant\u00e9","first-page":"392","article-title":"Lutte antivectorielle dans l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie des plateaux de Madagascar","volume":"5","author":"Randriantsimaniry","year":"1995"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"644","article-title":"Reappearance of Anopheles funestus as a malaria vector in the Antananarivo region, Madagascar","volume":"82","author":"Fontenille","year":"1988"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Arch Inst Pasteur Madag","first-page":"63","article-title":"Donn\u00e9es r\u00e9centes sur la sensibilit\u00e9 d\u2019Anopheles arabiensis et d\u2019Anopheles funestus aux pyr\u00e9thrino\u00efdes et au DDT sur les Hautes Terres Centrales de Madagascar: R\u00e9sultats pr\u00e9liminaires montrant une absence de la mutation kdr chez An. arabiensis.","volume":"69","author":"Ratovonjato","year":"2003"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"396","article-title":"Insecticide resistance status of three malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae (s.l.), An. funestus and An. mascarensis, from the south, central and east coasts of Madagascar","volume":"10","author":"Rakotoson","year":"2017"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Biomed Res Int","first-page":"5806179","article-title":"Evidence of insecticide resistance to pyrethroids and bendiocarb in Anopheles funestus from Tsararano, Marovoay District, Madagascar","volume":"2018","author":"Rakotondranaivo","year":"2018"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"264","article-title":"Susceptibility testing of Anopheles malaria vectors with the neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin; results from 16 African countries, in preparation for indoor residual spraying with new insecticide formulations","volume":"18","author":"Oxborough","year":"2019"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Chapter 40 \u2013 Neonicotinoids. Gupta RCBT-VT","first-page":"521","author":"Ensley","year":"2018"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"293","article-title":"Efficacy of a novel mode of action of an indoor residual spraying product, SumiShield\u00ae 50WG against susceptible and resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) in Benin, West Africa","volume":"11","author":"Agossa","year":"2018"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Insects","first-page":"112","article-title":"The residual efficacy of SumiShield\u2122 50WG and K-Othrine(\u00ae) WG250 IRS formulations applied to different building materials against Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes","volume":"13","author":"Lees","year":"2022"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"364","article-title":"Residual efficacy of SumiShield\u2122 50WG for indoor residual spraying in Ethiopia","volume":"21","author":"Yewhalaw","year":"2022"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"240","article-title":"Anthropophilic mosquitoes and malaria transmission in the eastern foothills of the central highlands of Madagascar","volume":"116","author":"Andrianaivolambo","year":"2010"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"J Med Entomol","first-page":"1031","article-title":"Efficacy of bendiocarb used for indoor residual spraying for malaria control in Madagascar: Results with local Anopheles species (Diptera: Culicidae) from experimental hut trials","volume":"54","author":"Randriamaherijaona","year":"2017"},{"key":"b26","article-title":"Guidelines for Testing Mosquito Adulticides for Indoor Residual Spraying and Treatment of Mosquito Nets.","year":"2006"},{"key":"b27","article-title":"Test Procedures for Insecticide Resistance Monitoring in Malaria Vector Mosquitoes Global Malaria Programme.","year":"2018"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"1","article-title":"IMP PCR primers detect single nucleotide polymorphisms for Anopheles gambiae species identification, Mopti and Savanna rDNA types, and resistance to dieldrin in Anopheles arabiensis.","volume":"5","author":"Wilkins","year":"2006"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"338","article-title":"Susceptibility status of Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) commonly used as biological materials for evaluations of malaria vector control tools in Madagascar","volume":"15","author":"Randriamaherijaona","year":"2016"},{"key":"b30","article-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.","year":"2020"},{"key":"b31","article-title":"Une formidable avanc\u00e9e dans la gestion de la r\u00e9sistance des vecteurs aux insecticides.","year":"2018"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Glob Health Sci Pract","first-page":"758","article-title":"Novel indoor residual spray insecticide with extended mortality effect: A case of SumiShield 50WG against wild resistant populations of Anopheles arabiensis in Northern Tanzania","volume":"6","author":"Kweka","year":"2018"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"72","article-title":"Indoor residual spray bio-efficacy and residual activity of a clothianidin-based formulation (SumiShield\u00ae 50WG) provides long persistence on various wall surfaces for malaria control in the Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"18","author":"Ngwej","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/114\/2_Suppl\/article-p28.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/114\/2_Suppl\/article-p28.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/114\/2_Suppl\/article-p28.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T15:53:25Z","timestamp":1771257205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/114\/2_Suppl\/article-p28.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2_Suppl"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0811","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]}}}