{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T17:03:09Z","timestamp":1784134989154,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection in individuals with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) is associated with accelerated liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this retrospective cohort of 1,337 HBsAg-positive patients at an urban safety-net hospital in Minneapolis, Minnesota, 41.6% were tested for anti-HDV antibodies, of whom 8.8% were positive. Among those testing positive, 28% had polymerase chain reaction\u2013confirmed HDV infection. HDV Ab-positive patients were predominantly of African descent (88%), with 71% being Liberian. In comparison with HDV Ab-negative patients, those with HDV had a higher prevalence of cirrhosis (34.7% versus 12.2%), HCC (6.1% versus 2.8%), HIV (14.3% versus 8.3%), Hepatitis C virus (HCV) (10.2% versus 1.0%), and alcohol use (36.7% versus 27.8%). HDV Ab-positivity was associated with higher rates of advanced fibrosis in comparison with HDV Ab-negative individuals (36.7% versus 15%). Despite the high prevalence among Liberian patients, only 50% of this group was screened for HDV. Black race (OR: 3.75; 95% CI: 1.46\u20139.61), cirrhosis (OR: 3.56; 95% CI: 1.47\u20138.60), aspartate aminotransferase \u226580 U\/L (OR: 3.05; 95% CI: 1.05\u20138.89), and HBV DNA &lt;2,000 IU\/mL (OR: 3.36; 95% CI: 1.61\u20136.98) as independent predictors of HDV Ab positivity. These findings underscore significant missed opportunities with risk-based screening and support universal HDV screening for HBsAg-positive individuals to improve detection and outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T15:39:44Z","timestamp":1761233984000},"page":"1401-1405","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hepatitis D Virus Positivity among Patients from Liberia with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Akambase","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spencer R.","family":"Goble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmin O.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahdiya M.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Noska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota;"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota;"},{"name":"University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea R.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota;"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota;"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"J Hepatol","first-page":"523","article-title":"The global prevalence of hepatitis D virus infection: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Stockdale","year":"2020"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Gut","first-page":"512","article-title":"Prevalence and burden of hepatitis D virus infection in the global population: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"68","author":"Chen","year":"2019"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Infect 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outcomes","volume":"63","author":"Kushner","year":"2015"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Am J Gastroenterol","first-page":"206","article-title":"Risk factors for delta hepatitis in a North American cohort: Who should be screened?","volume":"116","author":"Da","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and 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