{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T05:28:30Z","timestamp":1792214910054,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Mayaro virus (MAYV), an alphavirus found in Latin America related to the chikungunya virus, is transmitted primarily by sylvatic\n                    <jats:italic>Hemagogus<\/jats:italic>\n                    mosquitoes. Sporadic cases have been reported in French Guiana, with notable outbreaks occurring in 2020. In this study, a cluster of MAYV infections observed among European researchers in French Guiana in early 2024 is described. The study included individuals who stayed at the Nouragues Nature Reserve between January 1 and February 28, 2024. The case definitions were based on clinical symptoms and virological tests (polymerase chain reaction or IgM serology). Complementary investigations in asymptomatic exposed individuals were also conducted. Six European individuals developed acute fever, polyarthralgia, headache, or rash. Polymerase chain reaction testing was used to confirm two cases, and serology was used to identify two probable cases. Symptoms resolved within weeks for most, but two cases had chronic arthralgia that lasted more than 3 weeks. In addition to the six symptomatic individuals, 13 people stayed for more than one night at the scientific station, and all were asymptomatic. Five of them underwent anti-MAYV IgM serological testing between 4 and 8 weeks after their stay, and all results were negative. Entomological investigations had revealed\n                    <jats:italic>Hemagogus janthinomys<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a MAYV vector, in the area just a few months before. The cluster highlights the potential for sylvatic MAYV outbreaks among visitors to the Amazon rainforest. These findings highlight the need for greater awareness of MAYV symptoms and the potential for underdiagnosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.25-0039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T16:20:55Z","timestamp":1765470055000},"page":"348-354","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mayaro Virus Infections in European Field Researchers in the Remote Amazon Rainforest, French Guiana, 2024"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Lo\u00efc","family":"Epelboin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana, France;"},{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, CIC INSERM 1424, Cayenne, French Guiana, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanislas","family":"Talaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Enfissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Entomologie M\u00e9dicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anissa","family":"Desmoulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, CIC INSERM 1424, Cayenne, French Guiana, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyril","family":"Gaertner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie, National Reference Center of Arboviruses, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Gertler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Station Scientifique des Nouragues, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Regina, French Guiana, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Bernard","family":"Duchemin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Entomologie M\u00e9dicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Le Turnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana, France;"},{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, CIC INSERM 1424, Cayenne, French Guiana, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Rousset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Entomologie M\u00e9dicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1012","article-title":"Mayaro virus: A new human disease agent. II. Isolation from blood of patients in Trinidad, B.W.I","volume":"6","author":"Anderson","year":"1957"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"750","article-title":"Experimental transmission of Mayaro virus by Aedes aegypti","volume":"85","author":"Long","year":"2011"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","first-page":"20","article-title":"Mayaro virus and dengue virus 1 and 4 natural infection in culicids from Cuiab\u00e1, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil","volume":"111","author":"Serra","year":"2016"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica","first-page":"e14","article-title":"Mayaro virus in Latin America and the Caribbean","volume":"44","author":"Ganjian","year":"2020"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"452","article-title":"Mayaro virus fever in French Guiana: Isolation, identification, and seroprevalence","volume":"59","author":"Talarmin","year":"1998"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Med Trop Sante Int","first-page":"mtsi.v3i1.2023.308","article-title":"[Overview of infectious and non-infectious diseases in French Guiana in 2022]","volume":"3","author":"Epelboin","year":"2023"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Viruses","first-page":"1299","article-title":"Spatial distribution and burden of emerging arboviruses in French Guiana","volume":"13","author":"Bailly","year":"2021"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Infect Genet Evol","first-page":"105243","article-title":"Mayaro virus infection in French Guiana, a cross sectional study 2003\u20132019","volume":"99","author":"Mutricy","year":"2022"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Viruses","first-page":"1268","article-title":"Review on main arboviruses circulating on French Guiana, an ultra-peripheric European region in South America","volume":"15","author":"Bonifay","year":"2023"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"J Clin Virol","first-page":"66","article-title":"A case of Mayaro virus infection imported from French Guiana","volume":"77","author":"Llagonne-Barets","year":"2016"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1255","article-title":"Genome analysis of Mayaro virus imported to Germany from French Guiana","volume":"20","author":"Friedrich-Janicke","year":"2014"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"J Clin Virol","first-page":"317","article-title":"Persisting arthralgia due to Mayaro virus infection in a traveler from Brazil: Is there a risk for attendants to the 2014 FIFA World Cup?","volume":"60","author":"Slegers","year":"2014"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"695","article-title":"Mayaro virus infection in traveler returning from Amazon Basin, northern Peru","volume":"18","author":"Neumayr","year":"2012"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"369","article-title":"Prolonged polyarthralgia in a German traveller with Mayaro virus infection without inflammatory correlates","volume":"13","author":"Theilacker","year":"2013"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Euro Surveill","first-page":"19563","article-title":"Infection with Mayaro virus in a French traveller returning from the Amazon region, Brazil, January, 2010","volume":"15","author":"Receveur","year":"2010"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Euro Surveill","first-page":"2400679","article-title":"A cluster of Mayaro virus infections in a film team returning from Suriname, February 2024","volume":"29","author":"Orth","year":"2024"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"750","article-title":"Sustained elevated cytokine levels during recovery phase of Mayaro virus infection","volume":"22","author":"Tappe","year":"2016"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"J Infect","first-page":"343","article-title":"Imported Mayaro virus infection in the Netherlands","volume":"61","author":"Hassing","year":"2010"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"67","article-title":"Mayaro virus disease: An emerging mosquito-borne zoonosis in tropical South America","volume":"28","author":"Tesh","year":"1999"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"200","article-title":"Mayaro virus, a potential threat for Europe: Vector competence of autochthonous vector species","volume":"17","author":"Brustolin","year":"2024"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"613","article-title":"Transmission potential of Mayaro virus by Aedes albopictus, and Anopheles quadrimaculatus from the USA","volume":"13","author":"Dieme","year":"2020"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis","first-page":"101462","article-title":"Mayaro virus, a regional or global threat?","volume":"32","author":"Sun","year":"2019"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","first-page":"510","article-title":"Multiplexed reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection of Mayaro, Oropouche, and Oropouche-like viruses","volume":"112","author":"Naveca","year":"2017"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"195","article-title":"Discriminating tonate virus from dengue virus infection: A matched case-control study in French Guiana, 2003\u20132016","volume":"102","author":"Mutricy","year":"2020"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0009418","article-title":"The epidemiology of Mayaro virus in the Americas: A systematic review and key parameter estimates for outbreak modelling","volume":"15","author":"Caicedo","year":"2021"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Cahiers ORSTOM","first-page":"209","article-title":"Ecologie d\u2019Haemagogus janthinomys Dyar (Diptera, Culicidae) en Guyane fran\u00e7aise: Premi\u00e8res donn\u00e9es","volume":"3","author":"Pajot","year":"1985"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0176993","article-title":"DNA reference libraries of French Guianese mosquitoes for barcoding and metabarcoding","volume":"12","author":"Talaga","year":"2017"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Contrib Am Entomol Inst","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mosquito studies (Diptera, Culicidae). XXXII. A revision of the genus Haemagogus","volume":"10","author":"Arnell","year":"1973"},{"key":"b1","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1012","article-title":"Mayaro virus: A new human disease agent. II. Isolation from blood of patients in Trinidad, B.W.I","volume":"6","author":"Anderson","year":"1957"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"750","article-title":"Experimental transmission of Mayaro virus by Aedes aegypti","volume":"85","author":"Long","year":"2011"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","first-page":"20","article-title":"Mayaro virus and dengue virus 1 and 4 natural infection in culicids from Cuiab\u00e1, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil","volume":"111","author":"Serra","year":"2016"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica","first-page":"e14","article-title":"Mayaro virus in Latin America and the Caribbean","volume":"44","author":"Ganjian","year":"2020"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"452","article-title":"Mayaro virus fever in French Guiana: Isolation, identification, and seroprevalence","volume":"59","author":"Talarmin","year":"1998"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Med Trop Sante Int","first-page":"mtsi.v3i1.2023.308","article-title":"[Overview of infectious and non-infectious diseases in French Guiana in 2022]","volume":"3","author":"Epelboin","year":"2023"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Viruses","first-page":"1299","article-title":"Spatial distribution and burden of emerging arboviruses in French Guiana","volume":"13","author":"Bailly","year":"2021"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Infect Genet Evol","first-page":"105243","article-title":"Mayaro virus infection in French Guiana, a cross sectional study 2003\u20132019","volume":"99","author":"Mutricy","year":"2022"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Viruses","first-page":"1268","article-title":"Review on main arboviruses circulating on French Guiana, an ultra-peripheric European region in South America","volume":"15","author":"Bonifay","year":"2023"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"J Clin Virol","first-page":"66","article-title":"A case of Mayaro virus infection imported from French Guiana","volume":"77","author":"Llagonne-Barets","year":"2016"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1255","article-title":"Genome analysis of Mayaro virus imported to Germany from French Guiana","volume":"20","author":"Friedrich-Janicke","year":"2014"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"J Clin Virol","first-page":"317","article-title":"Persisting arthralgia due to Mayaro virus infection in a traveler from Brazil: Is there a risk for attendants to the 2014 FIFA World Cup?","volume":"60","author":"Slegers","year":"2014"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"695","article-title":"Mayaro virus infection in traveler returning from Amazon Basin, northern Peru","volume":"18","author":"Neumayr","year":"2012"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"369","article-title":"Prolonged polyarthralgia in a German traveller with Mayaro virus infection without inflammatory correlates","volume":"13","author":"Theilacker","year":"2013"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Euro Surveill","first-page":"19563","article-title":"Infection with Mayaro virus in a French traveller returning from the Amazon region, Brazil, January, 2010","volume":"15","author":"Receveur","year":"2010"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Euro Surveill","first-page":"2400679","article-title":"A cluster of Mayaro virus infections in a film team returning from Suriname, February 2024","volume":"29","author":"Orth","year":"2024"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"750","article-title":"Sustained elevated cytokine levels during recovery phase of Mayaro virus infection","volume":"22","author":"Tappe","year":"2016"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"J Infect","first-page":"343","article-title":"Imported Mayaro virus infection in the Netherlands","volume":"61","author":"Hassing","year":"2010"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"67","article-title":"Mayaro virus disease: An emerging mosquito-borne zoonosis in tropical South America","volume":"28","author":"Tesh","year":"1999"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"200","article-title":"Mayaro virus, a potential threat for Europe: Vector competence of autochthonous vector species","volume":"17","author":"Brustolin","year":"2024"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"613","article-title":"Transmission potential of Mayaro virus by Aedes albopictus, and Anopheles quadrimaculatus from the USA","volume":"13","author":"Dieme","year":"2020"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis","first-page":"101462","article-title":"Mayaro virus, a regional or global threat?","volume":"32","author":"Sun","year":"2019"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","first-page":"510","article-title":"Multiplexed reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection of Mayaro, Oropouche, and Oropouche-like viruses","volume":"112","author":"Naveca","year":"2017"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"195","article-title":"Discriminating tonate virus from dengue virus infection: A matched case-control study in French Guiana, 2003\u20132016","volume":"102","author":"Mutricy","year":"2020"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0009418","article-title":"The epidemiology of Mayaro virus in the Americas: A systematic review and key parameter estimates for outbreak modelling","volume":"15","author":"Caicedo","year":"2021"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Cahiers ORSTOM","first-page":"209","article-title":"Ecologie d\u2019Haemagogus janthinomys Dyar (Diptera, Culicidae) en Guyane fran\u00e7aise: Premi\u00e8res donn\u00e9es","volume":"3","author":"Pajot","year":"1985"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0176993","article-title":"DNA reference libraries of French Guianese mosquitoes for barcoding and 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