{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T17:59:17Z","timestamp":1783706357964,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The mumps vaccine remains excluded from India\u2019s National Immunization Schedule (NIS) because of insufficient data on the community-level disease burden, despite mumps being a vaccine-preventable disease. In the present study, biobanked serum samples from an urban population in Vellore, stratified by age (in age groups of 1\u20135, 6\u201315, and 16\u201340 years) and sex, were tested for anti-mumps IgG antibodies using ELISA. The seroprevalence rates of mumps were 26%, 71%, and 84% in the 1- to 5-year, 6- to 15-year, and 16- to 40-year age groups, respectively, indicating a high burden in the community. Women in the 16- to 40-year age group exhibited a higher seroprevalence compared with males, with antibody levels consistently lower in males across both the 6- to 15-year and 16- to 40-year age groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05). The present study highlights increasing mumps exposure with age and underscores the urgent need to include the mumps vaccine in the NIS to address the high disease burden and prevent complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.25-0069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T15:06:38Z","timestamp":1755011198000},"page":"883-887","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mumps Seroprevalence in Vellore, South India: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Ramya","family":"Madhavan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tintu","family":"Varghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akilandeswari","family":"Eswaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaishnavi","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poornima","family":"Saravanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reshma","family":"Raju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian Vivek Leander","family":"Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jovin Stanley","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasanna Samuel","family":"Premkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winsley","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"661","article-title":"Mumps complications and effects of mumps vaccination, England and Wales, 2002\u20132006","volume":"17","author":"Yung","year":"2011"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1215","article-title":"Investigating mumps outbreak in Odisha, India: An opportunity to assess the health system by utilizing the essential public health services framework","volume":"96","author":"Paul","year":"2017"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Indian Pediatr","first-page":"505","article-title":"IAP position paper on burden of mumps in India and vaccination strategies","volume":"52","author":"Vashishtha","year":"2015"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Vaccine","first-page":"1868","article-title":"Severity of mumps disease is related to MMR vaccination status and viral shedding","volume":"34","author":"Gouma","year":"2016"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Indian Pediatr","first-page":"370","article-title":"Recent surge in mumps cases in India: Need for urgent remedial measures","volume":"61","author":"Abu Bashar","year":"2024"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Indian Pediatr","first-page":"1123","article-title":"Mumps epidemic in Navi Mumbai in 2023\u201324: Lessons for the health management system","volume":"61","author":"Dharmapalan","year":"2024"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Med Sci (Basel)","first-page":"62","article-title":"Should mumps be higher up on the public health agenda in India? A concern for global health security","volume":"6","author":"Kadri","year":"2018"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Indian J Med Res","first-page":"396","article-title":"Seroprevalence of measles, mumps & rubella antibodies among 5-10 years old children in north India","volume":"149","author":"Gupta","year":"2019"},{"key":"b9","article-title":"ELISA.","year":"2024"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Int J Trop Dis Health","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sero-prevalence of mumps among unvaccinated children attending regional referral hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","volume":"43","author":"Nkinda","year":"2022"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Int J Infect Dis","first-page":"87","article-title":"Seroprevalence of measles, mumps, and rubella and genetic characterization of mumps virus in Khartoum, Sudan","volume":"91","author":"Adam","year":"2020"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"East Mediterr Health J","first-page":"295","article-title":"Seroprevalence of mumps before inclusion of mumps vaccination in the Iranian expanded programme on immunization","volume":"15","author":"Avijgan","year":"2009"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"9","article-title":"Sex-based differences in immune function and responses to vaccination","volume":"109","author":"Klein","year":"2015"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Clin Immunol","first-page":"108912","article-title":"Mumps virus-specific immune response outcomes and sex-based differences in a cohort of healthy adolescents","volume":"234","author":"Riggenbach","year":"2022"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"PLoS Pathog","first-page":"e1005374","article-title":"SeXX matters in infectious disease pathogenesis","volume":"12","author":"Vom Steeg","year":"2016"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"J R Soc Med","first-page":"573","article-title":"Mumps orchitis","volume":"99","author":"Masarani","year":"2006"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"BJU Int","first-page":"1060","article-title":"The increasing incidence of mumps orchitis: A comprehensive review","volume":"105","author":"Davis","year":"2010"},{"key":"b18","article-title":"Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India.","year":"2022"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Am J Dis Child","first-page":"362","article-title":"A benefit-cost analysis of mumps vaccine","volume":"136","author":"Koplan","year":"1982"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother","first-page":"205","article-title":"Close the gap for routine mumps vaccination in Japan","volume":"17","author":"Kitano","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/113\/4\/article-p883.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/113\/4\/article-p883.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/113\/4\/article-p883.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T17:30:23Z","timestamp":1759339823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/113\/4\/article-p883.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.25-0069","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}}}