{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:32:55Z","timestamp":1787031175737,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The anatomical and immunological similarities between humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs) make NHPs a viable model for examining\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. infection outcomes.\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium fragile<\/jats:italic>\n                    was previously used to model human severe malaria in NHPs using rhesus macaques (RMs), but a thorough investigation of the clinical and pathological effects of RM\n                    <jats:italic>P. fragile<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection has not yet been conducted. In this study, we observed that experimental infection of a male RM with\n                    <jats:italic>P. fragile-<\/jats:italic>\n                    infected erythrocytes resulted in clinical signs of malaria, including anemia; changes in red and white blood cell distribution; changes in red blood cell morphology; and gross and histopathological alterations to vital organs, such as the liver, lungs, heart, and brain.\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium fragile-<\/jats:italic>\n                    infected red blood cells were also observed in the vasculature of major organs, including the spleen, liver, lung, and brain. These results suggest that experimental\n                    <jats:italic>P. fragile<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection of RMs is a translatable model of human malaria.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.25-0222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T15:03:11Z","timestamp":1759849391000},"page":"1229-1234","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical and Pathological Outcomes of Experimental Plasmodium fragile Infection in a Rhesus Macaque"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"James E.","family":"Prusak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana;"},{"name":"Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sydney M.","family":"Nemphos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana;"},{"name":"Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah C.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sallie L.","family":"Fell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana;"},{"name":"Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecily C.","family":"Midkiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avelina","family":"Rodgers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jillian","family":"Perret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooke","family":"Grasperge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krystal","family":"Vail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nana","family":"Minkah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington;"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Wilder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berlin","family":"Londono-Renteria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane University Celia Scott Weatherhead School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert V.","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Manuzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana;"},{"name":"Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana;"},{"name":"Tulane University Celia Scott Weatherhead School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"World Malaria Report 2024","year":"2024"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis","first-page":"e2012026","article-title":"Clinical aspects of uncomplicated and severe malaria","volume":"4","author":"Bartoloni","year":"2012"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Adv Vet Sci Comp Med","first-page":"1","article-title":"Primate malarias","volume":"18","author":"Collins","year":"1974"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"177","article-title":"Systems biology of malaria explored with nonhuman primates","volume":"21","author":"Galinski","year":"2022"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deep vascular schizogony in Plasmodium fragile: Organ distribution and ultrastructure of erythrocytes adherent to vascular 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Sequential appearance of successive variant antigenic types","volume":"165","author":"Handunnetti","year":"1987"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Virol","first-page":"11655","article-title":"Evidence for an increased risk of transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus and malaria in a rhesus macaque coinfection model","volume":"85","author":"Trott","year":"2011"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Viruses","first-page":"2036","article-title":"Elevated inflammation associated with markers of neutrophil function and gastrointestinal disruption in pilot study of Plasmodium fragile co-infection of ART-treated SIVmac239+ rhesus macaques","volume":"16","author":"Nemphos","year":"2024"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Methods in Malaria Research","year":"2013"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"281","article-title":"Haematological parameters and their correlation with the degree of malaria parasitaemia among outpatients attending a polyclinic","volume":"22","author":"Antwi-Baffour","year":"2023"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Singapore Med J","first-page":"632","article-title":"Total serum lactate dehydrogenase activity in acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection","volume":"46","author":"Garba","year":"2005"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Curr Res J Biol Sci","first-page":"78","article-title":"Levels of parasitaemia and changes in some liver enzymes among malarial infected patients in Edo-delta region of Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"Onyesom","year":"2011"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Parasitol Res","first-page":"464","article-title":"Hypertriglyceridemia as an indicator of the severity of falciparum malaria in returned travelers: A clinical retrospective study","volume":"92","author":"Parola","year":"2004"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"mBio","first-page":"e0132522","article-title":"Intestinal injury biomarkers predict mortality in pediatric severe malaria","volume":"13","author":"Sarangam","year":"2022"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Am J Hematol","first-page":"223","article-title":"Retention of uninfected red blood cells causing congestive splenomegaly is the major mechanism of anemia in malaria","volume":"99","author":"Kho","year":"2024"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Egypt J Intern Med","first-page":"77","article-title":"Renal and hepatic dysfunction parameters correlate positively with gender among patients with recurrent malaria cases in Birnin Kebbi, Northwest Nigeria","volume":"34","author":"Ojo","year":"2022"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"191","article-title":"A histological method for quantifying Plasmodium falciparum in the brain in fatal paediatric cerebral malaria","volume":"12","author":"Milner","year":"2013"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"513","article-title":"Sequestration pattern of parasitized erythrocytes in cerebrum, mid-brain, and cerebellum of Plasmodium coatneyi-infected rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)","volume":"49","author":"Sein","year":"1993"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol","first-page":"104","article-title":"The systemic pathology of cerebral malaria in African children","volume":"4","author":"Milner","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/113\/6\/article-p1229.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/113\/6\/article-p1229.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/113\/6\/article-p1229.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T13:32:12Z","timestamp":1764768732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/113\/6\/article-p1229.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.25-0222","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]}}}