{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:32:55Z","timestamp":1787031175270,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    From 1993 to 2020, 89 hantavirus cases were reported in California residents. Fifty-six (63%) were male, mean age was 41.5 years old, and 28 (31%) of the cases were fatal. The majority of cases were classified as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, and infections peaked during summer and spring. A total of 70 environmental investigations were conducted for 77 cases (87%). Visual evidence of rodent activity was detected in 52 (74%) of the investigations, and 36 patients (40%) reported direct contact with rodents or having cleaned rodent-affected areas. In total, 1,353 rodents (73%) captured during the investigations were\n                    <jats:italic>Peromyscus maniculatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and 264 (20%) tested positive for Sin Nombre virus (SNV) antibodies. Probable exposure locations were identified for 81 cases (91%), with the majority of exposures occurring in the patient\u2019s county of residence. Indoor exposure was most common, and more exposures occurred in peridomestic environments than at worksites or recreational areas. Epidemiological and environmental investigations and SNV sequencing were crucial in identifying exposure sites. Enhanced awareness and preventive measures, especially in high-risk areas and among at-risk populations, are essential to mitigate future cases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.25-0270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T15:15:55Z","timestamp":1760973355000},"page":"1385-1392","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Epidemiologic and Environmental Investigations of Reported Hantavirus Cases Inform Exposure Risk in California, 1993\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Bryan T.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Branch, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne M.","family":"Kjemtrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Branch, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark G.","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Branch, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Curtis L.","family":"Fritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Branch, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Messenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojgan","family":"Deldari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph E.","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Branch, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duc J.","family":"Vugia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Branch, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicki L.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Branch, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Science","first-page":"914","article-title":"Genetic identification of a hantavirus associated with an outbreak of acute respiratory 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hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the southwestern United States","volume":"77","author":"Eisen","year":"2007"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1882","article-title":"Experimental infection of Peromyscus species rodents with Sin Nombre virus","volume":"28","author":"Quizon","year":"2022"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"J Virol","first-page":"e0153421","article-title":"Tracing transmission of Sin Nombre virus and discovery of infection in multiple rodent species","volume":"95","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2021"},{"key":"b40","series-title":"PLoS Pathog","first-page":"e1012849","article-title":"A human pathogenic hantavirus circulates and is shed in taxonomically diverse rodent reservoirs","volume":"21","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2025"},{"key":"b41","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"62","article-title":"Notes from the field: Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in a migrant farm worker\u2014Colorado, 2016","volume":"66","author":"Marx","year":"2017"},{"key":"b42","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"781","article-title":"Epidemiologic linkage of rodent and human hantavirus genomic sequences in case investigations of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome","volume":"173","author":"Hjelle","year":"1996"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/113\/6\/article-p1385.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/113\/6\/article-p1385.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/113\/6\/article-p1385.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T13:32:59Z","timestamp":1764768779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/113\/6\/article-p1385.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.25-0270","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]}}}