{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T16:53:33Z","timestamp":1782924813322,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    La Crosse virus (LACV) is the leading cause of pediatric arboviral neuroinvasive disease in the United States, with a persistent cluster in western North Carolina (NC). To assess human exposure to LACV vectors, we developed species-specific salivary gland ELISAs (sgELISAs) for\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes triseriatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. japonicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Sera from two cohorts, general NC residents (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 132) and household members of La Crosse virus neuroinvasive disease (LACVND) cases (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 17), were tested for IgG antibodies to each species\u2019 salivary gland extract. IgG levels to\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                    were highest statewide, consistent with its abundance and host preferences. Notably, LACVND household members had significantly higher IgG levels to\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. triseriatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    than the general population, indicating increased local exposure to the primary vector. These findings support the use of sgELISAs for detecting LACV vector exposure risk and further demonstrate the need for targeted vector-control strategies against\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. triseriatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    at LACVND case residences.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.25-0306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T16:17:43Z","timestamp":1779812263000},"page":"136-139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Elevated Antibody Levels against Aedes triseriatus Salivary Gland Antigen in Household Members of La Crosse Virus Neuroinvasive Disease Cases"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Hannah","family":"Alexander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosquito and Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Laboratory, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berlin","family":"Londono-Renteria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross M.","family":"Boyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA;"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Byrd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosquito and Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Laboratory, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina, USA;"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"b1","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"807","article-title":"La Crosse virus disease in the United States, 2003\u20132019","volume":"105","author":"Vahey","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"b2","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0011065","article-title":"Geographically persistent clusters of La Crosse virus disease in the Appalachian region of the United States from 2003 to 2021","volume":"17","author":"Day","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4117","key":"b3","series-title":"Science","first-page":"1140","article-title":"Transovarial transmission of La Crosse virus (California encephalitis group) in the mosquito, Aedes triseriatus.","volume":"182","author":"Watts","year":"1973"},{"issue":"5","key":"b4","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"807","article-title":"First isolation of La Crosse virus from naturally infected Aedes albopictus.","volume":"7","author":"Gerhardt","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"b5","series-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc","first-page":"233","article-title":"La Crosse encephalitis virus infection in field-collected Aedes albopictus, Aedes japonicus, and Aedes triseriatus in Tennessee","volume":"31","author":"Westby","year":"2015"},{"issue":"4","key":"b6","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"476","article-title":"Experimental infection of chipmunks and squirrels with La Crosse and Trivittatus viruses and biological transmission of La Crosse virus by Aedes triseriatus.","volume":"21","author":"Pantuwatana","year":"1972"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Am J Epidemiol","first-page":"245","article-title":"Isolation of California encephalitis group virus from a fatal human illness","volume":"81","author":"Thompson","year":"1965"},{"issue":"4","key":"b8","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"332","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of La Crosse virus infection in humans in western North Carolina","volume":"54","author":"Szumlas","year":"1996"},{"issue":"39","key":"b9","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"1104","article-title":"Notes from the field: Spatially associated coincident and noncoincident cases of La Crosse encephalitis - North Carolina, 2002\u20132017","volume":"67","author":"Byrd","year":"2018"},{"issue":"6","key":"b10","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0012186","article-title":"Persistent spatial clustering and predictors of pediatric La Crosse virus neuroinvasive disease risk in eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina, 2003\u20132020","volume":"18","author":"Day","year":"2024"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Front Immunol","first-page":"1368066","article-title":"Antibodies to Aedes aegypti D7L salivary proteins as a new serological tool to estimate human exposure to Aedes mosquitoes","volume":"15","author":"Chea","year":"2024"},{"issue":"6","key":"b12","series-title":"J Med Entomol","first-page":"1156","article-title":"Antibody response against Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae) salivary protein as a measure of mosquito bite exposure in Haiti","volume":"47","author":"Londono-Renteria","year":"2010"},{"issue":"4","key":"b13","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"869","article-title":"Long-lasting permethrin-impregnated clothing protects against mosquito bites in outdoor workers","volume":"93","author":"Londono-Renteria","year":"2015"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"J Immunol Methods","first-page":"113523","article-title":"Comparison of capillary blood self-collection using the Tasso-SST device with venous phlebotomy for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody measurement","volume":"520","author":"King","year":"2023"},{"key":"b15","article-title":"RStudio\u00ae: Integrated Development Environment for R Posit Software.","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"b16","series-title":"J Vector Ecol","first-page":"34","article-title":"Peridomestic conditions affect La Crosse virus entomological risk by modifying the habitat use patterns of its mosquito vectors","volume":"46","author":"Tamini","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"b17","series-title":"J Med Entomol","first-page":"559","article-title":"La Crosse encephalitis virus habitat associations in Nicholas County, West Virginia","volume":"37","author":"Nasci","year":"2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"b18","series-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis","first-page":"76","article-title":"Spread of the tiger: Global risk of invasion by the mosquito Aedes albopictus.","volume":"7","author":"Benedict","year":"2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"b19","series-title":"J Med Entomol","first-page":"483","article-title":"A statewide survey of container Aedes mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in North Carolina, 2016: A multiagency surveillance response to Zika using ovitraps","volume":"56","author":"Reed","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"b1","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"807","article-title":"La Crosse virus disease in the United States, 2003\u20132019","volume":"105","author":"Vahey","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"b2","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0011065","article-title":"Geographically persistent clusters of La Crosse virus disease in the Appalachian region of the United States from 2003 to 2021","volume":"17","author":"Day","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4117","key":"b3","series-title":"Science","first-page":"1140","article-title":"Transovarial transmission of La Crosse virus (California encephalitis group) in the mosquito, Aedes triseriatus.","volume":"182","author":"Watts","year":"1973"},{"issue":"5","key":"b4","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"807","article-title":"First isolation of La Crosse virus from naturally infected Aedes albopictus.","volume":"7","author":"Gerhardt","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"b5","series-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc","first-page":"233","article-title":"La Crosse encephalitis virus infection in field-collected Aedes albopictus, Aedes japonicus, and Aedes triseriatus in Tennessee","volume":"31","author":"Westby","year":"2015"},{"issue":"4","key":"b6","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"476","article-title":"Experimental infection of chipmunks and squirrels with La Crosse and Trivittatus viruses and biological transmission of La Crosse virus by Aedes triseriatus.","volume":"21","author":"Pantuwatana","year":"1972"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Am J Epidemiol","first-page":"245","article-title":"Isolation of California encephalitis group virus from a fatal human illness","volume":"81","author":"Thompson","year":"1965"},{"issue":"4","key":"b8","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"332","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of La Crosse virus infection in humans in western North Carolina","volume":"54","author":"Szumlas","year":"1996"},{"issue":"39","key":"b9","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"1104","article-title":"Notes from the field: Spatially associated coincident and noncoincident cases of La Crosse encephalitis - North Carolina, 2002\u20132017","volume":"67","author":"Byrd","year":"2018"},{"issue":"6","key":"b10","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0012186","article-title":"Persistent spatial clustering and predictors of pediatric La Crosse virus neuroinvasive disease risk in eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina, 2003\u20132020","volume":"18","author":"Day","year":"2024"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Front Immunol","first-page":"1368066","article-title":"Antibodies to Aedes aegypti D7L salivary proteins as a new serological tool to estimate human exposure to Aedes mosquitoes","volume":"15","author":"Chea","year":"2024"},{"issue":"6","key":"b12","series-title":"J Med Entomol","first-page":"1156","article-title":"Antibody response against Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae) salivary protein as a measure of mosquito bite exposure in Haiti","volume":"47","author":"Londono-Renteria","year":"2010"},{"issue":"4","key":"b13","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"869","article-title":"Long-lasting permethrin-impregnated clothing protects against mosquito bites in outdoor workers","volume":"93","author":"Londono-Renteria","year":"2015"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"J Immunol Methods","first-page":"113523","article-title":"Comparison of capillary blood self-collection using the Tasso-SST device with venous phlebotomy for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody measurement","volume":"520","author":"King","year":"2023"},{"key":"b15","article-title":"RStudio\u00ae: Integrated Development Environment for R Posit Software.","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"b16","series-title":"J Vector Ecol","first-page":"34","article-title":"Peridomestic conditions affect La Crosse virus entomological risk by modifying the habitat use patterns of its mosquito vectors","volume":"46","author":"Tamini","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"b17","series-title":"J Med Entomol","first-page":"559","article-title":"La Crosse encephalitis virus habitat associations in Nicholas County, West Virginia","volume":"37","author":"Nasci","year":"2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"b18","series-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis","first-page":"76","article-title":"Spread of the tiger: Global risk of invasion by the mosquito Aedes albopictus.","volume":"7","author":"Benedict","year":"2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"b19","series-title":"J Med Entomol","first-page":"483","article-title":"A statewide survey of container Aedes mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in North Carolina, 2016: A multiagency surveillance response to Zika using ovitraps","volume":"56","author":"Reed","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/115\/1\/article-p136.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/115\/1\/article-p136.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/115\/1\/article-p136.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T16:18:45Z","timestamp":1782922725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/115\/1\/article-p136.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.25-0306","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}}}