{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T16:54:40Z","timestamp":1782924880888,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The characterization of\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) isolates superinfecting cutaneous lesions of Buruli ulcer (BU), a neglected tropical disease caused by non-tuberculous\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , remains limited. In Burkina Faso, we investigated eight\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates from BUs and three from non-BUs using phenotypic analysis, including antibiotic susceptibility testing and genomic analysis (whole genome sequencing, average nucleotide identity, resistome, virulome, multilocus sequence typing, pangenome, and multiple correspondence analysis). All isolates were firmly identified at the species level as\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    but did not cluster according to the group to which they belonged. These 11 isolates were in\u00a0vitro susceptible to most antibiotics, except for penicillin G, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin, to which some were resistant (11\/11, 3\/11, and 3\/11, respectively).\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were assigned to different spacer-types (STs) including ST5 (2\/11), ST1472 (1\/11), ST1 (2\/11), ST2434 (1\/11), ST152 (3\/11), and a previously unreported ST7358 (2\/11). The\n                    <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic>\n                    types included t8921, t318, t127, t084, t355, t559, and t311. Several phages, antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence factors, including immunomodulators, adhesins, exoenzymes, and toxins such as Panton-Valentine leucocidin, were identified in all groups. No\n                    <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes were detected in any of the\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains studied. OrthoANI, pangenome, and multiple correspondence analysis did not specify any\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    genotype associated with BU. In conclusion, we found no specificity of\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains to BU, which leads us to speculate that this microorganism behaves only as an opportunistic pathogen of the lesion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.25-0444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T14:28:09Z","timestamp":1779200889000},"page":"22-29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Buruli Ulcer-Associated Staphylococcus aureus in Burkina Faso"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Rym","family":"Lalaoui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019H\u00e9matologie et de Biologie Vasculaire, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anselme","family":"Millogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection Research Unit (MEPHI), Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, France;"},{"name":"IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madjid","family":"Morsli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virulence Bact\u00e9rienne et Infections Chroniques, INSERM U1047, Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, CHU N\u00eemes, N\u00eemes, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Salipante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methodology (BESPIM), Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, CHU N\u00eemes, N\u00eemes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Robinne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection Research Unit (MEPHI), Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, France;"},{"name":"IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amar","family":"Bouam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection Research Unit (MEPHI), Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, France;"},{"name":"IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Drancourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection Research Unit (MEPHI), Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, France;"},{"name":"IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Philippe","family":"Lavigne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virulence Bact\u00e9rienne et Infections Chroniques, INSERM U1047, Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, CHU N\u00eemes, N\u00eemes, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"e00045-17","article-title":"Buruli ulcer, a prototype for ecosystem-related infection, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans.","volume":"31","author":"Zingue","year":"2018"},{"key":"b2","article-title":"Buruli Ulcer.","year":"2024"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Elife","first-page":"RP86931","article-title":"The Mycobacterium ulcerans toxin mycolactone causes destructive Sec61-dependent loss of the endothelial glycocalyx and vessel basement membrane to drive skin necrosis","volume":"12","author":"Hsieh","year":"2025"},{"issue":"12","key":"b4","series-title":"Toxins (Basel)","first-page":"528","article-title":"Exploring mycolactone\u2014The unique causative toxin of Buruli ulcer: Biosynthetic, synthetic pathways, biomarker for diagnosis, and therapeutic potential","volume":"16","author":"Akolgo","year":"2024"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis","first-page":"100468","article-title":"Bacterial diversity in Buruli ulcer lesions in Ghana","volume":"36","author":"Ackam","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"b6","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"250","article-title":"Network analysis of polymicrobial chronic wound infections in Masanga, Sierra Leone","volume":"23","author":"Sandmann","year":"2023"},{"issue":"5","key":"b7","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e2191","article-title":"Secondary bacterial infections of Buruli ulcer lesions before and after chemotherapy with streptomycin and rifampicin","volume":"7","author":"Yeboah-Manu","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6","key":"b8","series-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop","first-page":"746","article-title":"Secondary bacterial isolates from previously untreated Buruli ulcer lesions and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in Southern Nigeria","volume":"49","author":"Anyim","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"b9","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0003421","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus in Buruli ulcer","volume":"9","author":"Amissah","year":"2015"},{"issue":"9","key":"b10","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0004049","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates transmitted between patients with Buruli ulcer","volume":"9","author":"Amissah","year":"2015"},{"issue":"12","key":"b11","series-title":"Genes (Basel)","first-page":"1883","article-title":"The persistence of Staphylococcus aureus in pressure ulcers: A colonising role","volume":"12","author":"Fayolle","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"b12","series-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev","first-page":"fuae002","article-title":"The role of human extracellular matrix proteins in defining Staphylococcus aureus biofilm infections","volume":"48","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"b13","series-title":"BMC Microbiol","first-page":"327","article-title":"Strain-specific interspecies interactions between co-isolated pairs of Staphylococcus aureus and Helcococcus kunzii from chronic wounds","volume":"25","author":"Daher","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"b14","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e2010","article-title":"Towards rational use of antibiotics for suspected secondary infections in Buruli ulcer patients","volume":"7","author":"Barogui","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"b15","series-title":"Int J Med Microbiol","first-page":"223","article-title":"Virulence potential of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Buruli ulcer patients","volume":"307","author":"Amissah","year":"2017"},{"issue":"15","key":"b16","series-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol","first-page":"4733","article-title":"Development and application of two multiplex real-time PCR assays for the detection of Mycobacterium ulcerans in clinical and environmental samples","volume":"73","author":"Fyfe","year":"2007"},{"issue":"4","key":"b17","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"543","article-title":"Ongoing revolution in bacteriology: Routine identification of bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry","volume":"49","author":"Seng","year":"2009"},{"issue":"5","key":"b18","series-title":"J Comput Biol","first-page":"455","article-title":"SPAdes: A new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing","volume":"19","author":"Bankevich","year":"2012"},{"issue":"2","key":"b19","series-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol","first-page":"1100","article-title":"OrthoANI: An improved algorithm and software for calculating average nucleotide identity","volume":"66","author":"Lee","year":"2016"},{"issue":"14","key":"b20","series-title":"Bioinformatics","first-page":"2068","article-title":"Prokka: Rapid prokaryotic genome annotation","volume":"30","author":"Seemann","year":"2014"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Front Microbiol","first-page":"753969","article-title":"Rapid identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex using mass spectrometry: A proof-of-concept","volume":"13","author":"Robinne","year":"2022"},{"issue":"22","key":"b22","series-title":"Bioinformatics","first-page":"3691","article-title":"Roary: Rapid large-scale prokaryote pan genome analysis","volume":"31","author":"Page","year":"2015"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"J Food Prot","first-page":"682","article-title":"Presence of immune evasion cluster and molecular typing of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food handlers","volume":"79","author":"Baptist\u00e3o","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"b24","series-title":"BMC Microbiol","first-page":"4","article-title":"Microbiology of secondary infections in Buruli ulcer lesions; implications for therapeutic interventions","volume":"21","author":"Gyamfi","year":"2021"},{"issue":"7","key":"b25","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0181994","article-title":"Bacterial diversity in Buruli ulcer skin lesions: Challenges in the clinical microbiome analysis of a skin disease","volume":"12","author":"Van Leuvenhaege","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"b26","series-title":"Int Wound J","first-page":"47","article-title":"Bacterial isolates from infected wounds and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern: Some remarks about wound infection","volume":"12","author":"Bessa","year":"2015"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Front Microbiol","first-page":"1406","article-title":"High nasal carriage rate of Staphylococcus aureus containing Panton-Valentine Leukocidin- and EDIN-encoding genes in community and hospital settings in Burkina Faso","volume":"7","author":"Ouedraogo","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"b28","series-title":"Diabetes Metab","first-page":"167","article-title":"Link between nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and infected diabetic foot ulcers","volume":"43","author":"Dunyach-Remy","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"e00045-17","article-title":"Buruli ulcer, a prototype for ecosystem-related infection, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans.","volume":"31","author":"Zingue","year":"2018"},{"key":"b2","article-title":"Buruli Ulcer.","year":"2024"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Elife","first-page":"RP86931","article-title":"The Mycobacterium ulcerans toxin mycolactone causes destructive Sec61-dependent loss of the endothelial glycocalyx and vessel basement membrane to drive skin necrosis","volume":"12","author":"Hsieh","year":"2025"},{"issue":"12","key":"b4","series-title":"Toxins (Basel)","first-page":"528","article-title":"Exploring mycolactone\u2014The unique causative toxin of Buruli ulcer: Biosynthetic, synthetic pathways, biomarker for diagnosis, and therapeutic potential","volume":"16","author":"Akolgo","year":"2024"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis","first-page":"100468","article-title":"Bacterial diversity in Buruli ulcer lesions in Ghana","volume":"36","author":"Ackam","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"b6","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"250","article-title":"Network analysis of polymicrobial chronic wound infections in Masanga, Sierra Leone","volume":"23","author":"Sandmann","year":"2023"},{"issue":"5","key":"b7","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e2191","article-title":"Secondary bacterial infections of Buruli ulcer lesions before and after chemotherapy with streptomycin and rifampicin","volume":"7","author":"Yeboah-Manu","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6","key":"b8","series-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop","first-page":"746","article-title":"Secondary bacterial isolates from previously untreated Buruli ulcer lesions and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in Southern Nigeria","volume":"49","author":"Anyim","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"b9","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0003421","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus in Buruli ulcer","volume":"9","author":"Amissah","year":"2015"},{"issue":"9","key":"b10","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0004049","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates transmitted between patients with Buruli ulcer","volume":"9","author":"Amissah","year":"2015"},{"issue":"12","key":"b11","series-title":"Genes (Basel)","first-page":"1883","article-title":"The persistence of Staphylococcus aureus in pressure ulcers: A colonising role","volume":"12","author":"Fayolle","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"b12","series-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev","first-page":"fuae002","article-title":"The role of human extracellular matrix proteins in defining Staphylococcus aureus biofilm infections","volume":"48","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"b13","series-title":"BMC Microbiol","first-page":"327","article-title":"Strain-specific interspecies interactions between co-isolated pairs of Staphylococcus aureus and Helcococcus kunzii from chronic wounds","volume":"25","author":"Daher","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"b14","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e2010","article-title":"Towards rational use of antibiotics for suspected secondary infections in Buruli ulcer patients","volume":"7","author":"Barogui","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"b15","series-title":"Int J Med Microbiol","first-page":"223","article-title":"Virulence potential of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Buruli ulcer patients","volume":"307","author":"Amissah","year":"2017"},{"issue":"15","key":"b16","series-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol","first-page":"4733","article-title":"Development and application of two multiplex real-time PCR assays for the 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genome annotation","volume":"30","author":"Seemann","year":"2014"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Front Microbiol","first-page":"753969","article-title":"Rapid identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex using mass spectrometry: A proof-of-concept","volume":"13","author":"Robinne","year":"2022"},{"issue":"22","key":"b22","series-title":"Bioinformatics","first-page":"3691","article-title":"Roary: Rapid large-scale prokaryote pan genome analysis","volume":"31","author":"Page","year":"2015"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"J Food Prot","first-page":"682","article-title":"Presence of immune evasion cluster and molecular typing of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food handlers","volume":"79","author":"Baptist\u00e3o","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"b24","series-title":"BMC Microbiol","first-page":"4","article-title":"Microbiology of secondary infections in Buruli ulcer lesions; implications for therapeutic interventions","volume":"21","author":"Gyamfi","year":"2021"},{"issue":"7","key":"b25","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0181994","article-title":"Bacterial diversity in Buruli ulcer skin lesions: Challenges in the clinical microbiome analysis of a skin disease","volume":"12","author":"Van Leuvenhaege","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"b26","series-title":"Int Wound J","first-page":"47","article-title":"Bacterial isolates from infected wounds and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern: Some remarks about wound infection","volume":"12","author":"Bessa","year":"2015"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Front Microbiol","first-page":"1406","article-title":"High nasal carriage rate of Staphylococcus aureus containing Panton-Valentine Leukocidin- and EDIN-encoding genes in community and hospital settings in Burkina Faso","volume":"7","author":"Ouedraogo","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"b28","series-title":"Diabetes Metab","first-page":"167","article-title":"Link between nasal carriage 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