{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T16:54:45Z","timestamp":1782924885113,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Each year,\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected mosquitoes cause approximately 250 million cases of malaria within 85 countries containing half of the world\u2019s population. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for blood-based biomarkers of the parasite can accelerate and expand access to diagnostic testing. Malaria RDTs have been endorsed by the WHO for first-line malaria testing, and next-generation assays are being developed to detect multiple\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    antigens. If drug resistance continues to expand, then future RDTs to detect drug resistance will be beneficial. Because malaria RDTs will be an essential diagnostic tool for malaria elimination, particularly in high-burden malaria-endemic countries, we conducted a landscape review and analysis by gathering current information on the advancements in malaria RDTs that are either commercially available or in late-stage development. Overall, we identified 67 malaria RDTs from 27 different international manufacturers. Among these RDTs, most are simple to use on a whole blood specimen, provide test results within 30 minutes, and have reported high (\u226598%) diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Although many malaria RDTs have received WHO approval, clinical and implementation science studies will be needed to determine optimal and efficient delivery and care strategies for malaria RDTs in malaria-endemic settings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.25-0450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T14:28:11Z","timestamp":1779200891000},"page":"59-65","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Advances in Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria: A Landscape Review and Analysis"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Shengruo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Seattle, Washington, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Lauff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Seattle, Washington, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer F.","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Seattle, Washington, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noel","family":"Kalanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Seattle, Washington, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul K.","family":"Drain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Seattle, Washington, USA;"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Seattle, Washington, USA;"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","article-title":"World Malaria Report 2025.","year":"2025"},{"key":"b2","article-title":"Fact Sheet about Malaria."},{"key":"b3","article-title":"Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016\u20132030, 2021 Update."},{"key":"b4","article-title":"Diagnostic Testing for Malaria."},{"issue":"1","key":"b5","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"213","article-title":"Malaria-related hospitalizations in the United States, 2000\u20132014","volume":"97","author":"Khuu","year":"2017"},{"key":"b6","article-title":"Malaria Diagnostic Tests. Malaria."},{"key":"b7","article-title":"How Malaria RDTs Work."},{"issue":"1","key":"b8","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"216","article-title":"Setting-up a cross-border action-research project to control malaria in remote areas of the Amazon: Describing the birth and milestones of a complex international project (Malakit)","volume":"20","author":"Galindo","year":"2021"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Lancet Reg Health Am","first-page":"100047","article-title":"Self-diagnosis and self-treatment of malaria in hard-to-reach and mobile populations of the Amazon: Results of Malakit, an international multicentric intervention research project","volume":"4","author":"Douine","year":"2021"},{"key":"b10","article-title":"Target Product Profile: Point-of-Care Malaria Plasmodium falciparum Highly Sensitive Rapid Diagnostic Test."},{"issue":"2","key":"b11","series-title":"Curr Epidemiol Rep","first-page":"46","article-title":"Antimalarial drug resistance and implications for the WHO Global Technical Strategy","volume":"8","author":"Ippolito","year":"2021"},{"key":"b12","article-title":"Prequalified In\u00a0Vitro Diagnostics."},{"key":"b13","article-title":"Cobas Malaria."},{"key":"b14","article-title":"CareStart\u2122 Malaria RDT."},{"key":"b15","article-title":"Bioline\u2122 Malaria Ag P.f\/P.f\/P.v."},{"key":"b16","article-title":"Wondfo Rapid One Step Malaria HRP2 Test Kit (P.f\/P.v)."},{"key":"b17","article-title":"Products: Rapid Malaria Test (Pf\/Pan)."},{"key":"b18","article-title":"Parascreen\u00ae Rapid Test for Malaria."},{"key":"b19","article-title":"FalciVax RAPID TEST FOR MALARIA."},{"key":"b20","article-title":"EzDx\u2122 Malaria Pan\/Pf Rapid Test Detection Kit."},{"key":"b21","article-title":"First Response\u00ae Malaria Ag. P.f.\/P.v. Card Test."},{"key":"b22"},{"key":"b23"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"119","article-title":"A review of malaria diagnostic tools: Microscopy and rapid diagnostic test (RDT)","volume":"77","author":"Wongsrichanalai","year":"2007"},{"key":"b25","article-title":"Wondfo Rapid One Step Malaria HRP2 Test Kit (P.f)."},{"key":"b26","article-title":"Malaria AG Pf."},{"key":"b27","article-title":"EzDx\u2122 Malaria Pan\/Syphilis Combo Rapid Test."},{"issue":"11","key":"b28","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect","first-page":"1624","article-title":"Malaria rapid diagnostic tests in elimination settings\u2014Can they find the last parasite?","volume":"17","author":"McMorrow","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"b29","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"392","article-title":"Impact of Plasmodium falciparum gene deletions on malaria rapid diagnostic test performance","volume":"19","author":"Gatton","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"b30","series-title":"Arch Med Sci","first-page":"541","article-title":"Performance of pfHRP2 versus pLDH antigen rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"b31","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0295049","article-title":"Use of a health worker-targeted smartphone app to support quality malaria RDT implementation in Busia County, Kenya: A feasibility and acceptability study","volume":"19","author":"Skjefte","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"b32","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"825","article-title":"Malaria Screener: A smartphone application for automated malaria screening","volume":"20","author":"Yu","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"b33","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"237","article-title":"mHAT app for automated malaria rapid test result analysis and aggregation: A pilot study","volume":"20","author":"Moore","year":"2021"},{"key":"b34","article-title":"WHO Guideline on Self-Care Interventions for Health and Well-Being.","year":"2022"},{"key":"b1","article-title":"World Malaria Report 2025.","year":"2025"},{"key":"b2","article-title":"Fact Sheet about Malaria."},{"key":"b3","article-title":"Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016\u20132030, 2021 Update."},{"key":"b4","article-title":"Diagnostic Testing for Malaria."},{"issue":"1","key":"b5","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"213","article-title":"Malaria-related hospitalizations in the United States, 2000\u20132014","volume":"97","author":"Khuu","year":"2017"},{"key":"b6","article-title":"Malaria Diagnostic Tests. Malaria."},{"key":"b7","article-title":"How Malaria RDTs Work."},{"issue":"1","key":"b8","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"216","article-title":"Setting-up a cross-border action-research project to control malaria in remote areas of the Amazon: Describing the birth and milestones of a complex international project (Malakit)","volume":"20","author":"Galindo","year":"2021"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Lancet Reg Health Am","first-page":"100047","article-title":"Self-diagnosis and self-treatment of malaria in hard-to-reach and mobile populations of the Amazon: Results of Malakit, an international multicentric intervention research project","volume":"4","author":"Douine","year":"2021"},{"key":"b10","article-title":"Target Product Profile: Point-of-Care Malaria Plasmodium falciparum Highly Sensitive Rapid Diagnostic Test."},{"issue":"2","key":"b11","series-title":"Curr Epidemiol Rep","first-page":"46","article-title":"Antimalarial drug resistance and implications for the WHO Global Technical Strategy","volume":"8","author":"Ippolito","year":"2021"},{"key":"b12","article-title":"Prequalified In\u00a0Vitro Diagnostics."},{"key":"b13","article-title":"Cobas Malaria."},{"key":"b14","article-title":"CareStart\u2122 Malaria RDT."},{"key":"b15","article-title":"Bioline\u2122 Malaria Ag P.f\/P.f\/P.v."},{"key":"b16","article-title":"Wondfo Rapid One Step Malaria HRP2 Test Kit (P.f\/P.v)."},{"key":"b17","article-title":"Products: Rapid Malaria Test (Pf\/Pan)."},{"key":"b18","article-title":"Parascreen\u00ae Rapid Test for Malaria."},{"key":"b19","article-title":"FalciVax RAPID TEST FOR MALARIA."},{"key":"b20","article-title":"EzDx\u2122 Malaria Pan\/Pf Rapid Test Detection Kit."},{"key":"b21","article-title":"First Response\u00ae Malaria Ag. 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