{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T13:20:45Z","timestamp":1788355245210,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Paragonimiasis is a parasitic disease that involves the lungs but can manifest in extrapulmonary sites, including the peritoneum or subcutaneous tissue. Diagnosis is limited by nonspecific clinical manifestations and overlapping features with other diseases, such as tuberculosis (TB). A 55-year-old Korean male presented with acute abdominal pain and a recurrent subcutaneous mass in the left thigh. Although TB peritonitis was initially suspected, further diagnostic tests were performed. To confirm the diagnosis, multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the 28S rRNA gene and conventional PCR targeting the ITS2 region were performed on the ascitic fluid. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic clustering confirmed\n                    <jats:italic>Paragonimus westermani<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The patient was treated with praziquantel and showed clinical improvement. This case highlights the importance of considering paragonimiasis in patients with unexplained eosinophilia and peritoneal symptoms, even in the absence of pulmonary involvement. Molecular diagnostic tools can help confirm extrapulmonary infections and prevent misdiagnosis, particularly in endemic regions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.25-0480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T15:24:21Z","timestamp":1784215461000},"page":"549-553","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Extrapulmonary Paragonimiasis Diagnosed by Molecular Tools"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Da Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Won","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na-Ra","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dahae","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Choon-Mee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"105074","article-title":"Paragonimus and paragonimiasis in Asia: An update","volume":"199","author":"Yoshida","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"b2","series-title":"Lung India","first-page":"265","article-title":"Paragonimus westermani infection in lung: A confounding diagnostic entity","volume":"32","author":"Kalhan","year":"2015"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-18616-6_5","article-title":"Paragonimiasis","volume":"1154","author":"Blair","year":"2019"},{"issue":"7","key":"b4","series-title":"J Clin Pathol","first-page":"487","article-title":"Improving the specific diagnosis of trematode, cestode and nematode infections by a multiplex single-tube real-time PCR assay","volume":"72","author":"Wong","year":"2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"b5","series-title":"J Parasitol","first-page":"1176","article-title":"Identification of the human paragonimiasis causative agent in Lao People\u2019s Democratic Republic","volume":"94","author":"Yahiro","year":"2008"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"IDCases","first-page":"e01075","article-title":"Paragonimus infection: Rare manifestation with pericardial effusion: A case report and literature review","volume":"24","author":"Al Bishawi","year":"2021"},{"issue":"48","key":"b7","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"1573","article-title":"Human paragonimiasis after eating raw or undercooked crayfish Missouri, July 2006\u2013September 2010","volume":"59","year":"2010"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Parasitol Int","first-page":"102279","article-title":"An outbreak of Paragonimus westermani infection among Cambodian technical intern trainees in Japan, exhibiting various extrapulmonary lesions","volume":"81","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2021"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg","first-page":"28","article-title":"Analysis of the misdiagnosis of 8 adult cases of paragonimiasis with lung masses as the main manifestation in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan","volume":"16","author":"Shu","year":"2021"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Chin J Exp Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"186","article-title":"Progress on prevention and misdiagnosis of paragonimiasis","volume":"14","author":"Cao","year":"2020"},{"issue":"10","key":"b11","series-title":"Parasitology","first-page":"1257","article-title":"Foodborne trematodes: Old foes, new kids on the block and research perspectives for control and understanding host\u2013parasite interactions","volume":"149","author":"Robinson","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/115\/3\/article-p549.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/115\/3\/article-p549.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/115\/3\/article-p549.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T12:54:22Z","timestamp":1788353662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/115\/3\/article-p549.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.25-0480","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]}}}