{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T06:36:53Z","timestamp":1791441413632,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Babesiosis is a tick-borne protozoan infection often caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Babesia microti<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Symptomatic babesiosis typically presents as a malaria-like syndrome; however, it may result in more serious presentations, including sepsis. Immunosuppression is a known risk factor for severe babesiosis; however, limited data exist on additional predictors of sepsis. The aim for the present study is to identify predictors, complications, and outcomes of babesiosis sepsis. Using the TriNetX research database, adults who had polymerase chain reaction-confirmed babesiosis between June 2010 and May 2024 were identified. Demographic, clinical, and outcome data were analyzed. Sepsis was defined using\n                    <jats:italic>International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision<\/jats:italic>\n                    , codes. Among 1,566 patients identified, 159 (10.2%) developed sepsis. Sepsis was associated with female sex, older age, and predominantly cardiac or renal comorbidities. Complications of babesiosis sepsis included acute kidney injury, shock, and hemolytic anemia. Patients with sepsis had higher 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year mortality rates. Specific demographics and the presence of cardiac or renal comorbidities may be associated with increased disease severity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.25-0507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T15:35:41Z","timestamp":1770737741000},"page":"711-715","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Babesiosis-Related Sepsis: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes from a Multicenter Retrospective Global Research Network Analysis"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Jackson","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s F.","family":"Henao-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Rau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles Kyriakos","family":"Vorkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis A.","family":"Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Pathogens","first-page":"1447","article-title":"The global emergence of human babesiosis","volume":"10","author":"Kumar","year":"2021"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Transfusion","first-page":"1916","article-title":"Assessing the risk of Babesia to the United States blood supply using a risk-based decision-making approach: Report of AABB\u2019s Ad Hoc Babesia Policy Working Group (original report)","volume":"58","author":"Ward","year":"2018"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"e0126822","article-title":"Transfusion-transmitted Babesia spp.: A changing landscape of epidemiology, regulation, and risk mitigation","volume":"61","author":"Drews","year":"2023"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Int J Parasitol","first-page":"165","article-title":"Human babesiosis","volume":"49","author":"Krause","year":"2019"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"370","article-title":"Persistent and relapsing babesiosis in immunocompromised patients","volume":"46","author":"Krause","year":"2008"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis","first-page":"ofad391","article-title":"Relapsing babesiosis with molecular evidence of resistance to certain antimicrobials commonly used to treat Babesia microti infections","volume":"10","author":"Marcos","year":"2023"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Ther Adv Infect Dis","first-page":"20499361231196683","article-title":"Hospitalization risk among patients with Mpox infection\u2014A propensity score matched analysis","volume":"10","author":"Henao-Martinez","year":"2023"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Ther Adv Infect Dis","first-page":"20499361231159481","article-title":"Previous corticosteroid exposure associates with an increased Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia mortality among HIV-negative patients: A global research network with a follow-up multicenter case-control study","volume":"10","author":"Vargas Barahona","year":"2023"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"e1385","article-title":"Cardiac complications of human babesiosis","volume":"76","author":"Spichler-Moffarah","year":"2023"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"BMC Hematol","first-page":"35","article-title":"Infections in patients with aplastic anemia in Chiang Mai University","volume":"18","author":"Lertpongpiroon","year":"2018"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"86","article-title":"Infections in patients with aplastic anemia: Experience at a tertiary care cancer center","volume":"98","author":"Torres","year":"2003"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Infection","first-page":"1983","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and risk of bloodstream infections and sepsis: A 17-year follow-up of the population-based Trondelag Health Study in Norway","volume":"52","author":"Liyanarachi","year":"2024"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Diabetes Care","first-page":"106","article-title":"Trends in rates of infections requiring hospitalization among adults with versus without diabetes in the U.S., 2000\u20132015","volume":"43","author":"Harding","year":"2020"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Am J Med","first-page":"696","article-title":"Babesiosis in splenectomized adults. Review of 22 reported cases","volume":"76","author":"Rosner","year":"1984"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"987","article-title":"Comparative outcomes of babesiosis in immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised hosts: A multicenter cohort study","volume":"81","author":"Kakoullis","year":"2025"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"354","article-title":"Epidemiology of hospitalized patients with babesiosis, United States, 2010\u20132016","volume":"28","author":"Bloch","year":"2022"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1218","article-title":"Risk factors for severe infection, hospitalization, and prolonged antimicrobial therapy in patients with babesiosis","volume":"97","author":"Mareedu","year":"2017"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Pathogens","first-page":"376","article-title":"Pulmonary manifestations of babesiosis and predictors of mortality from a quaternary care center in Westchester, New York","volume":"14","author":"Williams","year":"2025"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"939","article-title":"Post-babesiosis warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia","volume":"376","author":"Woolley","year":"2017"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Br J Haematol","first-page":"364","article-title":"Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia secondary to babesiosis: A review of reported cases and description of a novel association with cold antibody-mediated haemolytic anaemia","volume":"201","author":"Jacobs","year":"2023"},{"key":"b1","series-title":"Pathogens","first-page":"1447","article-title":"The global emergence of human babesiosis","volume":"10","author":"Kumar","year":"2021"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Transfusion","first-page":"1916","article-title":"Assessing the risk of Babesia to the United States blood supply using a risk-based decision-making approach: Report of AABB\u2019s Ad Hoc Babesia Policy Working Group (original report)","volume":"58","author":"Ward","year":"2018"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"e0126822","article-title":"Transfusion-transmitted Babesia spp.: A changing landscape of epidemiology, regulation, and risk mitigation","volume":"61","author":"Drews","year":"2023"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Int J Parasitol","first-page":"165","article-title":"Human babesiosis","volume":"49","author":"Krause","year":"2019"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"370","article-title":"Persistent and relapsing babesiosis in immunocompromised patients","volume":"46","author":"Krause","year":"2008"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis","first-page":"ofad391","article-title":"Relapsing babesiosis with molecular evidence of resistance to certain antimicrobials commonly used to treat Babesia microti infections","volume":"10","author":"Marcos","year":"2023"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Ther Adv Infect Dis","first-page":"20499361231196683","article-title":"Hospitalization risk among patients with Mpox infection\u2014A propensity score matched analysis","volume":"10","author":"Henao-Martinez","year":"2023"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Ther Adv Infect Dis","first-page":"20499361231159481","article-title":"Previous corticosteroid exposure associates with an increased Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia mortality among HIV-negative patients: A global research network with a follow-up multicenter case-control study","volume":"10","author":"Vargas Barahona","year":"2023"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"e1385","article-title":"Cardiac complications of human babesiosis","volume":"76","author":"Spichler-Moffarah","year":"2023"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"BMC Hematol","first-page":"35","article-title":"Infections in patients with aplastic anemia in Chiang Mai University","volume":"18","author":"Lertpongpiroon","year":"2018"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"86","article-title":"Infections in patients with aplastic anemia: Experience at a tertiary care cancer center","volume":"98","author":"Torres","year":"2003"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Infection","first-page":"1983","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and risk of bloodstream infections and sepsis: A 17-year follow-up of the population-based Trondelag Health Study in Norway","volume":"52","author":"Liyanarachi","year":"2024"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Diabetes Care","first-page":"106","article-title":"Trends in rates of infections requiring hospitalization among adults with versus without diabetes in the U.S., 2000\u20132015","volume":"43","author":"Harding","year":"2020"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Am J Med","first-page":"696","article-title":"Babesiosis in splenectomized adults. Review of 22 reported cases","volume":"76","author":"Rosner","year":"1984"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"987","article-title":"Comparative outcomes of babesiosis in immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised hosts: A multicenter cohort study","volume":"81","author":"Kakoullis","year":"2025"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"354","article-title":"Epidemiology of hospitalized patients with babesiosis, United States, 2010\u20132016","volume":"28","author":"Bloch","year":"2022"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1218","article-title":"Risk factors for severe infection, hospitalization, and prolonged antimicrobial therapy in patients with babesiosis","volume":"97","author":"Mareedu","year":"2017"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Pathogens","first-page":"376","article-title":"Pulmonary manifestations of babesiosis and predictors of mortality from a quaternary care center in Westchester, New York","volume":"14","author":"Williams","year":"2025"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"939","article-title":"Post-babesiosis warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia","volume":"376","author":"Woolley","year":"2017"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Br J Haematol","first-page":"364","article-title":"Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia secondary to babesiosis: A review of reported cases and description of a novel association with cold antibody-mediated haemolytic anaemia","volume":"201","author":"Jacobs","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/114\/4\/article-p711.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/114\/4\/article-p711.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/114\/4\/article-p711.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T19:21:40Z","timestamp":1775071300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/114\/4\/article-p711.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.25-0507","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]}}}