{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T21:32:01Z","timestamp":1775079121156,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Human infection with non-\n                    <jats:italic>aeruginosa Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    (NAP) is not commonly observed but can be severe and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim for the present study was to investigate the prevalence, patient characteristics, risk factors, and clinical presentation of patients with NAP bacteremia. Additionally, the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of NAP isolates were assessed. The current retrospective study was conducted in the microbiology laboratory of a tertiary care center from January 2022 to October 2024. Two sets of blood cultures were received in BACTEC bottles (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ) and were incubated. The blood samples were cultured on blood and MacConkey agar, and microscopy was performed using Gram staining. Species identification was performed via matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed using meropenem, colistin, levofloxacin, amikacin, piperacillin\u2013tazobactam, imipenem, aztreonam, ceftazidime, and cefoperazone\u2013sulbactam. During the 2-year study period, 42 blood cultures grew\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    species other than\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The majority of patients were &lt;60 years of age (76.1%). The age range of the population was 4\u201375 years. The male-to-female ratio of the population was 1.1:1. In this study, most isolates belonged to\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas mosselii<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 13; 31%), followed by\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas stutzeri<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 11; 26.1%),\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas putida<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 9; 21.4%),\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas fluorescens<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 5; 11.9%), and\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonasalcaligenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 3; 7.1%). The most common risk factors were the presence of a central venous catheter (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 34; 81%) and mechanical ventilation (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 25; 59.5%). Among the\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas mosellii<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, the highest resistance was observed to meropenem (70%), imipenem (70%), and ceftazidime (70%). Timely diagnosis and treatment can help in reducing mortality and morbidity among NAP bacteremia patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.25-0545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T15:34:54Z","timestamp":1771947294000},"page":"633-638","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non-Aeruginosa Pseudomonas Species Isolated from Bacteremia Patients at a Tertiary Care Center in India: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Surbhi","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerlin","family":"Varghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nidhi","family":"Tejan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashima","family":"Jamwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akshay","family":"Arya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deepika","family":"Sarawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Vidur Autonomous State Medical College, Bijnor, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sangram Singh","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chinmoy","family":"Sahu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"167","article-title":"Epidemiology of bacteremia caused by uncommon non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria","volume":"13","author":"Rattanaumpawan","year":"2013"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Microorganisms","first-page":"899","article-title":"The challenge of bacteremia treatment due to non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"11","author":"Sadyrbaeva-Dolgova","year":"2023"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci","first-page":"49","article-title":"The clinical characteristics of adult bacterial meningitis caused by non-Pseudomonas (Ps.) aeruginosa Pseudomonas species: A clinical comparison with Ps. aeruginosa meningitis","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2018"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)","first-page":"670","article-title":"Pseudomonas bacteremia in a tertiary hospital and factors associated with mortality","volume":"12","author":"Ioannou","year":"2023"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis","first-page":"ofad500","article-title":"2830. Clinical characteristics, outcomes and antimicrobial resistance of non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas infection in adult cancer patients","volume":"10","author":"Gu","year":"2023"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"ERJ Open Res","first-page":"00162","article-title":"Epidemiology and natural history of Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infections in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis","volume":"4","author":"Woo","year":"2018"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Infect","first-page":"81","article-title":"Bacteraemia due to Pseudomonas putida and other Pseudomonas non-aeruginosa in children","volume":"51","author":"Korcova","year":"2005"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e17777","article-title":"A case of Pseudomonas mendocina bacteremia in an elderly man with bilateral leg lesions","volume":"13","author":"Ezeokoli","year":"2021"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"927","article-title":"Microbiology, genomics, and clinical significance of the Pseudomonas fluorescens species complex, an unappreciated colonizer of humans","volume":"27","author":"Scales","year":"2014"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Infect Dis Rep","first-page":"105","article-title":"Infective endocarditis caused by Pseudomonas stutzeri: A case report and literature review","volume":"12","author":"Alwazzeh","year":"2020"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther","first-page":"199","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Pathogenesis, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, interaction with host, technology advances and emerging therapeutics","volume":"7","author":"Qin","year":"2022"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Br J Biomed Sci","first-page":"10468","article-title":"The microbiology of non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas isolated from adults with cystic fibrosis: Criteria to help determine the clinical significance of non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas in cf lung pathology","volume":"79","author":"Moore","year":"2022"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis","first-page":"149","article-title":"Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-negative nonfermentative bacilli in cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"3","author":"Klinger","year":"1985"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect","first-page":"650","article-title":"Pseudomonas mendocina as a cause of chronic infective endocarditis in a patient with situs inversus","volume":"7","author":"Johansen","year":"2001"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"J Med Case Rep","first-page":"275","article-title":"Pseudomonas mendocina native valve infective endocarditis: A case report","volume":"10","author":"Rapsinski","year":"2016"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Am J Case Rep","first-page":"453","article-title":"Pseudomonas mendocina bacteremia: A case study and review of literature","volume":"20","author":"Gani","year":"2019"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Nefrologia","first-page":"647","article-title":"Pseudomonas mendocina: The first case of peritonitis on peritoneal dialysis","volume":"37","author":"Jer\u00f3nimo","year":"2017"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Med Mal Infect","first-page":"109","article-title":"A case of Pseudomonas mendocina endocarditis","volume":"41","author":"Suel","year":"2011"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"667","article-title":"Community-acquired Pseudomonas stutzeri vertebral osteomyelitis in a previously healthy patient: Case report and review","volume":"29","author":"Reisler","year":"1999"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","first-page":"296","article-title":"Pseudomonas stutzeri: An unusual cause of calcaneal Pseudomonas osteomyelitis","volume":"6","author":"Rowley","year":"1987"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Intern Med","first-page":"2543","article-title":"Pseudomonas stutzeri necrotizing pneumonia in pre-existing pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"53","author":"Lin","year":"2014"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"587","article-title":"Meningitis due to Pseudomonas stutzeri in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"22","author":"Roig","year":"1996"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol","first-page":"462","article-title":"Unusual Pseudomonas corneal ulcers","volume":"84","author":"Brinser","year":"1977"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Front Microbiol","first-page":"221","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of BACT\/ALERT\u00ae VIRTUO\u00ae, BACT\/ALERT 3D\u00ae, and BACTEC\u2122 FX automated blood culture systems for detection of microbial pathogens using simulated human blood samples","volume":"10","author":"Menchinelli","year":"2019"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Microbiol Spectr","first-page":"e0218625","article-title":"Comparison of the time to detection (TTD) of different blood culture systems and antibiotic adsorption capacity of different pediatric blood culture bottles of BD and bioM\u00e9rieux","volume":"14","author":"Meng","year":"2026"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"3502","article-title":"Effects of clinically meaningful concentrations of antipseudomonal \u03b2-lactams on time to detection and organism growth in blood culture bottles","volume":"55","author":"Grupper","year":"2017"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 34th ed","year":"2024"},{"key":"b28","article-title":"Breakpoint Tables for Interpretation of MICs and Zone Diameters, Version 14.0.","year":"2024"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Cell Tissue Bank","first-page":"453","article-title":"Validation of the BacT\/ALERT\u00ae3D automated culture system for the detection of microbial contamination of epithelial cell culture medium","volume":"13","author":"Plantamura","year":"2012"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)","first-page":"409","article-title":"Trends in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacteremia during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Ng","year":"2023"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"883","article-title":"Pseudomonas otitidis bacteremia in an immunocompromised patient with cellulitis: Case report and literature review","volume":"23","author":"Mori","year":"2023"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"J Hosp Infect","first-page":"307","article-title":"Bacteraemia caused by non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas species in a cancer centre","volume":"22","author":"Aoun","year":"1992"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","first-page":"e32145","article-title":"Clinical features, risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas putida isolates","volume":"101","author":"Baykal","year":"2022"},{"key":"b1","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"167","article-title":"Epidemiology of bacteremia caused by uncommon non-fermentative gram-negative 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Clinical characteristics, outcomes and antimicrobial resistance of non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas infection in adult cancer patients","volume":"10","author":"Gu","year":"2023"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"ERJ Open Res","first-page":"00162","article-title":"Epidemiology and natural history of Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infections in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis","volume":"4","author":"Woo","year":"2018"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Infect","first-page":"81","article-title":"Bacteraemia due to Pseudomonas putida and other Pseudomonas non-aeruginosa in children","volume":"51","author":"Korcova","year":"2005"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e17777","article-title":"A case of Pseudomonas mendocina bacteremia in an elderly man with bilateral leg lesions","volume":"13","author":"Ezeokoli","year":"2021"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"927","article-title":"Microbiology, genomics, and clinical significance of the Pseudomonas fluorescens species complex, an unappreciated colonizer of humans","volume":"27","author":"Scales","year":"2014"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Infect Dis Rep","first-page":"105","article-title":"Infective endocarditis caused by Pseudomonas stutzeri: A case report and literature review","volume":"12","author":"Alwazzeh","year":"2020"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther","first-page":"199","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Pathogenesis, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, interaction with host, technology advances and emerging therapeutics","volume":"7","author":"Qin","year":"2022"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Br J Biomed Sci","first-page":"10468","article-title":"The microbiology of non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas isolated from adults with cystic fibrosis: Criteria to help determine the clinical significance of non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas in cf lung pathology","volume":"79","author":"Moore","year":"2022"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis","first-page":"149","article-title":"Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-negative nonfermentative bacilli in cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"3","author":"Klinger","year":"1985"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect","first-page":"650","article-title":"Pseudomonas mendocina as a cause of chronic infective endocarditis in a patient with situs inversus","volume":"7","author":"Johansen","year":"2001"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"J Med Case Rep","first-page":"275","article-title":"Pseudomonas mendocina native valve infective endocarditis: A case report","volume":"10","author":"Rapsinski","year":"2016"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Am J Case Rep","first-page":"453","article-title":"Pseudomonas mendocina bacteremia: A case study and review of literature","volume":"20","author":"Gani","year":"2019"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Nefrologia","first-page":"647","article-title":"Pseudomonas mendocina: The first case of peritonitis on peritoneal dialysis","volume":"37","author":"Jer\u00f3nimo","year":"2017"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Med Mal Infect","first-page":"109","article-title":"A case of Pseudomonas mendocina endocarditis","volume":"41","author":"Suel","year":"2011"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"667","article-title":"Community-acquired Pseudomonas stutzeri vertebral osteomyelitis in a previously healthy patient: Case report and review","volume":"29","author":"Reisler","year":"1999"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","first-page":"296","article-title":"Pseudomonas stutzeri: An unusual cause of calcaneal Pseudomonas osteomyelitis","volume":"6","author":"Rowley","year":"1987"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Intern Med","first-page":"2543","article-title":"Pseudomonas stutzeri necrotizing pneumonia in pre-existing pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"53","author":"Lin","year":"2014"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"587","article-title":"Meningitis due to Pseudomonas stutzeri in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"22","author":"Roig","year":"1996"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol","first-page":"462","article-title":"Unusual Pseudomonas corneal ulcers","volume":"84","author":"Brinser","year":"1977"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Front Microbiol","first-page":"221","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of BACT\/ALERT\u00ae VIRTUO\u00ae, BACT\/ALERT 3D\u00ae, and BACTEC\u2122 FX automated blood culture systems for detection of microbial pathogens using simulated human blood samples","volume":"10","author":"Menchinelli","year":"2019"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Microbiol Spectr","first-page":"e0218625","article-title":"Comparison of the time to detection (TTD) of different blood culture systems and antibiotic adsorption capacity of different pediatric blood culture bottles of BD and bioM\u00e9rieux","volume":"14","author":"Meng","year":"2026"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"3502","article-title":"Effects of clinically meaningful concentrations of antipseudomonal \u03b2-lactams on time to detection and organism growth in blood culture bottles","volume":"55","author":"Grupper","year":"2017"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 34th ed","year":"2024"},{"key":"b28","article-title":"Breakpoint Tables for Interpretation of MICs and Zone Diameters, Version 14.0.","year":"2024"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Cell Tissue Bank","first-page":"453","article-title":"Validation of the BacT\/ALERT\u00ae3D automated culture system for the detection of microbial contamination of epithelial cell culture medium","volume":"13","author":"Plantamura","year":"2012"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)","first-page":"409","article-title":"Trends in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacteremia during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Ng","year":"2023"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"883","article-title":"Pseudomonas otitidis bacteremia in an immunocompromised patient with cellulitis: Case report and literature review","volume":"23","author":"Mori","year":"2023"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"J Hosp Infect","first-page":"307","article-title":"Bacteraemia caused by non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas species in a cancer centre","volume":"22","author":"Aoun","year":"1992"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","first-page":"e32145","article-title":"Clinical features, risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas putida isolates","volume":"101","author":"Baykal","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and 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