{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:11:51Z","timestamp":1780499511581,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Malaria remains one of the most significant global health challenges in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), resulting in social and economic consequences owing to high morbidity and mortality. This study aims to determine the socioeconomic burden of malaria as well as the socioeconomic benefit of artemether\u2013lumefantrine (AL, Coartem\u00ae, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland) treatment of uncomplicated malaria in SSA. A de novo Microsoft\u00ae Excel-based model study was considered for societal perspective assessment. The model included malaria prevalence from SSA countries and focused on three age groups: younger than 5 years old, 5\u201314 years old, and 15 years old and older. The socioeconomic burden was assessed as loss in paid work productivity attributable to the health burden of malaria as measured in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), whereas the socioeconomic benefit of AL was measured as avoided productivity loss by utilizing a decision tree. Input parameters used for the calculation were obtained from the published literature, public databases, and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. For 2022, the model reported 30.8 million malaria-related DALYs in those 15 years old and older, which led to a socioeconomic burden of approximately U.S. $82.8 billion. The estimated total socioeconomic benefit of AL compared with the nontreatment scenario was U.S. $24.2 billion. The estimate reflects avoided productivity losses, including productive years of life lost (YLL) and caregiving days required. In conclusion, these findings highlight the substantial socioeconomic burden of malaria and suggest that by avoiding deaths, reducing YLL, and minimizing caregiving days, AL provides a substantial socioeconomic benefit in the SSA region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.25-0570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T18:08:59Z","timestamp":1776794939000},"page":"1128-1134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Socioeconomic Impact of Artemether\u2013Lumefantrine in Malaria Treatment across Sub-Saharan Africa: A Model-Based Historical Analysis with 2022 as Reference Year"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Adnan","family":"Atitallah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"WifOR Institute, Darmstadt, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Platon","family":"Peristeris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WifOR Institute, Athens, Greece;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Lovera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WifOR Institute, Berlin, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Branner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WifOR Institute, Darmstadt, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajiv","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preetam","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Bernard","family":"Gruenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","article-title":"World Malaria Report 2025.","year":"2025"},{"key":"b2","article-title":"Malaria.","year":"2024"},{"key":"b3","article-title":"WHO Guidelines for Malaria, 30 November 2024.","year":"2024"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"555","article-title":"Comparing the impact of artemisinin-based combination therapies on malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"92","author":"Mbah","year":"2015"},{"key":"b5","article-title":"500 Million Child-Friendly Treatments: Our Latest Milestone in Malaria.","year":"2025"},{"key":"b6","article-title":"Novartis Reaches Milestone Delivery of 1 Billion Courses of Antimalarial Treatment.","year":"2021"},{"key":"b7","article-title":"Delivery of Coartem\u00ae Dispersible Reaches a Landmark of 300 Million Treatments.","year":"2015"},{"key":"b8","article-title":"WHO Malaria Report 2015.","year":"2015"},{"key":"b9","article-title":"Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs).","year":"2025"},{"issue":"10440","key":"b10","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"2133","article-title":"Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990\u20132021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"403","year":"2021"},{"key":"b11","article-title":"World Development Indicators.","year":"2024"},{"key":"b12","article-title":"UNdata.","year":"2024"},{"key":"b13","article-title":"Employment to Population Ratio, 15+, Total (%) (Modeled ILO Estimate)\u2014Sub-Saharan Africa.","year":"2024"},{"key":"b14","article-title":"ILOSTAT Database Description ILO Modelled Estimates (ILOEST Database). Chapter 4. Labor Market Indicators.","year":"2024"},{"key":"b15","article-title":"Pension Patterns in Sub-Saharan Africa.","author":"Dorfman","year":"2015"},{"key":"b16","article-title":"World Economic Outlook Database.","year":"2023"},{"key":"b17","article-title":"UN Population Division Data Portal.","year":"2022"},{"key":"b18","article-title":"World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2024.","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"b19","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"21","article-title":"A cost-effectiveness analysis of artemether lumefantrine for treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Zambia","volume":"6","author":"Chanda","year":"2007"},{"key":"b20","article-title":"CPI Inflation Calculator.","year":"2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"b21","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"961","article-title":"An economic evaluation of the posttreatment prophylactic effect of dihydroartemisinin\u2013piperaquine versus artemether\u2013lumefantrine for first-line treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria across different transmission settings in Africa","volume":"93","author":"Pfeil","year":"2015"},{"key":"b22","article-title":"Life Expectancy and Life Tables.","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"b23","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0154618","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of artemether\u2013lumefantrine (Coartem\u00ae) in treating uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Metehara, eastern Ethiopia: Regulatory clinical study","volume":"11","author":"Nega","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"b24","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"449","article-title":"Preventive malaria treatment for contacts of patients with Ebola virus disease in the context of the West Africa 2014\u201315 Ebola virus disease response: An economic analysis","volume":"16","author":"Carias","year":"2016"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"363","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine compared with artemether\u2013lumefantrine for treating uncomplicated malaria in children at a district hospital in Tanzania","volume":"13","author":"Mori","year":"2014"},{"key":"b26","article-title":"Short-Term Malaria Commodities Forecasting Outputs.","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"b27","series-title":"Health Policy Plan","first-page":"107","article-title":"On discount rates for economic evaluations in global health","volume":"35","author":"Haacker","year":"2020"},{"key":"b28","article-title":"GDP (Current US$)\u2014Sub-Saharan Africa.","year":"2024"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Arch Public Health","first-page":"77","article-title":"History of global burden of disease assessment at the World Health Organization","volume":"78","author":"Mathers","year":"2020"},{"key":"b1","article-title":"World Malaria Report 2025.","year":"2025"},{"key":"b2","article-title":"Malaria.","year":"2024"},{"key":"b3","article-title":"WHO Guidelines for Malaria, 30 November 2024.","year":"2024"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"555","article-title":"Comparing the impact of artemisinin-based combination therapies on malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"92","author":"Mbah","year":"2015"},{"key":"b5","article-title":"500 Million Child-Friendly Treatments: Our Latest Milestone in Malaria.","year":"2025"},{"key":"b6","article-title":"Novartis Reaches Milestone Delivery of 1 Billion Courses of Antimalarial Treatment.","year":"2021"},{"key":"b7","article-title":"Delivery of Coartem\u00ae Dispersible Reaches a Landmark of 300 Million Treatments.","year":"2015"},{"key":"b8","article-title":"WHO Malaria Report 2015.","year":"2015"},{"key":"b9","article-title":"Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs).","year":"2025"},{"issue":"10440","key":"b10","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"2133","article-title":"Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990\u20132021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"403","year":"2021"},{"key":"b11","article-title":"World Development Indicators.","year":"2024"},{"key":"b12","article-title":"UNdata.","year":"2024"},{"key":"b13","article-title":"Employment to Population Ratio, 15+, Total (%) (Modeled ILO Estimate)\u2014Sub-Saharan Africa.","year":"2024"},{"key":"b14","article-title":"ILOSTAT Database Description ILO Modelled Estimates (ILOEST Database). 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