{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T16:54:04Z","timestamp":1782924844249,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":174,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Asymptomatic carriage of\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a major public health threat hindering malaria eradication. Many areas with ongoing malaria transmission are coendemic for soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). Proteins secreted by helminths can regulate host inflammatory immune responses as a survival strategy. Given that malaria is a disease mediated by inflammation, we tested the hypothesis that STH infection and\/or exposure might be associated with asymptomatic\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. We performed a 1-month longitudinal study of 134 primary school children across three school-based study sites in Esse, Centre Region, Cameroon. At our initial screening time point, 94.8% of children were microscopy positive for\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, and 85.8% had asymptomatic microscopic\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. A total of 87.4% of children had serologic positivity for at least one STH recombinant antigen. Comparing children with asymptomatic\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection and uncomplicated symptomatic malaria at baseline, we found no significant difference in the percentage of children with STH exposure (85.7% versus 90.9%,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt;0.05). Daily temperature checks were performed over the course of 1 month to assess whether children with asymptomatic\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection developed uncomplicated symptomatic malaria. Of the children who experienced fever, the development of fever was associated with increased reactivity to STH antigens. No correlation was found between anti-STH antibody level and\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    load (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt;0.05), and no association was observed between STH exposure and persistent asymptomatic\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. These data suggest that STH exposure is not a major factor that contributes to the asymptomatic carriage of\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    in children.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.25-0591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T13:21:22Z","timestamp":1778160082000},"page":"66-76","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum Infection Was Not Associated with Exposure to Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Children in Esse, Cameroon"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Lauren","family":"Lajos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balotin","family":"Fogang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Pasteur du Cameroun\u2014Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derrick","family":"Atchombat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Pasteur du Cameroun\u2014Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas H.","family":"Cornwall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Donkeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Pasteur du Cameroun\u2014Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris-Marco","family":"Nana-Mbianda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Pasteur du Cameroun\u2014Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celine","family":"Slam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugues Clotaire Nana","family":"Djeunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research and Development (TREND) Foundation, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Tropical Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development\u2014Molecular Biology and Antigen Discovery Unit, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul Olivier","family":"Koki Ndombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mother and Child Centre of the Chantal Biya Foundation, Pediatric Service, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon;"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Yaound\u00e9 I, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence S.","family":"Ayong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Pasteur du Cameroun\u2014Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracey J.","family":"Lamb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Front Parasitol","first-page":"1197956","article-title":"Infection with soil-transmitted helminths and their impact on coinfections","volume":"2","author":"Schlosser-Brandenburg","year":"2023"},{"key":"b2","article-title":"World Malaria Report 2024.","year":"2024"},{"issue":"12","key":"b3","series-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther","first-page":"997","article-title":"Asymptomatic malaria in the clinical and public health context","volume":"17","author":"Cheaveau","year":"2019"},{"issue":"10117","key":"b4","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"252","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminth 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