{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T13:47:14Z","timestamp":1785937634077,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In regions where\n                    <jats:italic>Loa loa<\/jats:italic>\n                    is coendemic with lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, mass drug administration of ivermectin has posed a risk for serious adverse reactions in individuals with high microfilarial loads. To overcome this problem, easy-to-use point-of-care diagnostic tools are crucial for identifying individuals at risk in population-based control programs. The NTDscope is a device that uses smartphone components for video microscopy and may support decentralized\n                    <jats:italic>L. loa<\/jats:italic>\n                    microfilariae screening under field conditions. This study evaluated the usability and operational feasibility of the NTDscope during population-based screening in a rural setting. A total of 200 adults were screened and 187 adults were enrolled locally by six trained health care workers with no experience using the device. From blood collection to automated analysis, the process was assessed to evaluate usability and identify potential challenges in field deployment. The device was well accepted by health care workers and participants because of its intuitive interface, portability, and rapid result output. Operational challenges included environmental factors and minor technical limitations. Nonetheless, the device performed reliably in the field without reliance on internet connectivity or electricity and required minimal training. Feedback highlighted the need for improved heat management, optimized error recognition, and enhanced data security. The NTDscope proved highly usable in low-resource settings where infection with\n                    <jats:italic>L. loa<\/jats:italic>\n                    is most endemic and offers significant potential for supporting large-scale treatment programs in\n                    <jats:italic>L. loa<\/jats:italic>\n                    -coendemic regions. Although this study focused on field usability, future research should evaluate the implementation in the frame of large-scale treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.25-0596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T16:58:43Z","timestamp":1782233923000},"page":"316-321","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From the Laboratory to the Field: Assessing the Usability of the NTDscope in the Tropical Rainforest Region of Gabon"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Rella","family":"Zoleko Manego","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon;"},{"name":"Center for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg\u2013Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg\u2013L\u00fcbeck\u2013Borstel\u2013Riems, Hamburg, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lillian Rene","family":"Endamne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg\u2013Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg\u2013L\u00fcbeck\u2013Borstel\u2013Riems, Hamburg, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Pahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg\u2013Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg\u2013L\u00fcbeck\u2013Borstel\u2013Riems, Hamburg, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"D\u00edaz de Le\u00f3n Derby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghyslain","family":"Mombo-Ngoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon;"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg\u2013L\u00fcbeck\u2013Borstel\u2013Riems, Hamburg, Germany;"},{"name":"Drug Implementation Research Group, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg\u2013Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA;"},{"name":"Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA;"},{"name":"Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA;"},{"name":"California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA;"},{"name":"Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac I.","family":"Bogoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada;"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ramharter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon;"},{"name":"Center for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg\u2013Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg\u2013L\u00fcbeck\u2013Borstel\u2013Riems, Hamburg, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saskia Dede","family":"Davi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg\u2013Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg\u2013L\u00fcbeck\u2013Borstel\u2013Riems, Hamburg, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"b1","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"353","article-title":"Loa loa\u2014Does it deserve to be neglected?","volume":"14","author":"Metzger","year":"2014"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"e165","article-title":"The African eye worm: Current understanding of the epidemiology, clinical disease, and treatment of loiasis","volume":"24","author":"Ramharter","year":"2024"},{"issue":"6","key":"b3","series-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol","first-page":"573","article-title":"Prevalences of Loa loa microfilaraemia throughout the area endemic for the 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serious adverse events may occur with ivermectin treatment","volume":"19","author":"Boull\u00e9","year":"2025"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Filaria J","first-page":"S2","article-title":"Report of a Scientific Working Group on Serious Adverse Events following Mectizan\u00ae treatment of onchocerciasis in Loa loa endemic areas","volume":"2","year":"2003"},{"issue":"21","key":"b13","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"2044","article-title":"A test-and-not-treat strategy for onchocerciasis in Loa loa\u2013endemic areas","volume":"377","author":"Kamgno","year":"2017"},{"issue":"11","key":"b14","series-title":"Pathogens","first-page":"967","article-title":"Prevalence and sociodemographic risk factors of soil-transmitted helminths in rural communities living in endemic foci of onchocerciasis in southern Gabon","volume":"13","author":"Moutongo Mouandza","year":"2024"},{"issue":"286","key":"b15","series-title":"Sci Transl Med","first-page":"286re4","article-title":"Point-of-care quantification of blood-borne filarial parasites with a mobile phone microscope","volume":"7","author":"D\u2019Ambrosio","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"b16","series-title":"PLoS Glob Public Health","first-page":"e0005937","article-title":"NTDscope: A multi-contrast portable microscope for disease diagnosis","volume":"6","author":"D\u00edaz de Le\u00f3n Derby","year":"2026"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr","first-page":"8","article-title":"History and perspectives of medical research at the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon","volume":"119","author":"Ramharter","year":"2007"},{"issue":"5","key":"b18","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1052","article-title":"The performance of a rapid coronavirus disease 2019 antigen test in rural Gabon","volume":"112","author":"Davi","year":"2025"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/115\/2\/article-p316.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/115\/2\/article-p316.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/115\/2\/article-p316.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T13:10:18Z","timestamp":1785935418000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/115\/2\/article-p316.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.25-0596","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]}}}