{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T21:32:42Z","timestamp":1775079162731,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pediatric patients with tuberculosis who are not infected with HIV may still be at risk of developing tuberculosis-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) during treatment. A case of TB-IRIS in an immunocompetent child with pulmonary tuberculosis is reported. On the 25th day of standard antituberculosis therapy, the patient experienced continuous fever and clinical deterioration, and new lesions were detected on follow-up radiographic imaging. Upon initiation of corticosteroid therapy, the patient showed marked clinical improvement and resolution of fever. This case highlights the importance of recognizing TB-IRIS in immunocompetent pediatric patients. After alternative causes are excluded, TB-IRIS should be suspected in children with tuberculosis who develop new or worsening symptoms accompanied by newly emerging radiological findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.25-0641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T19:03:56Z","timestamp":1772046236000},"page":"629-632","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tuberculosis-Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome During Tuberculosis Treatment"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Melis","family":"Deniz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00d6zge","family":"Kaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ercan","family":"Ayaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Radiology, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ay\u015fe Pervanlar","family":"Kak\u0131\u015f\u0131m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Burak","family":"Kocaa\u011fa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nurhayat","family":"Yakut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Canan","family":"Caymaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Infection","first-page":"799","article-title":"Infliximab use for corticosteroid-resistant tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"48","author":"Eshagh","year":"2020"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","first-page":"446","article-title":"Paradoxical reaction during tuberculosis treatment in immunocompetent children","volume":"32","author":"Olive","year":"2013"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis","first-page":"6","article-title":"Tuberculosis-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Lanzafame","year":"2016"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"BMJ Case Rep","first-page":"e232639","article-title":"Approach for tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an HIV-negative patient","volume":"14","author":"Weber","year":"2021"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Am Rev Tuberc","first-page":"527","article-title":"Transitory exacerbation of fever and roentgenographic findings during treatment of tuberculosis in children","volume":"72","author":"Choremis","year":"1955"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep","first-page":"39","article-title":"The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: A clinical update","volume":"15","author":"Armstrong","year":"2013"},{"key":"b7","article-title":"Paradoxical Reactions and the Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome.","author":"Church","year":"2017"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"PLoS Pathog","first-page":"e1004433","article-title":"Mycobacterial antigen driven activation of 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