{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T13:20:54Z","timestamp":1788355254530,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Echinococcosis in pregnancy represents a complex clinical condition in terms of diagnosis and treatment with potential risk to both maternal and fetal health. There are limited clinical data on the nature and consequences of echinococcosis during pregnancy. This systematic review summarizes the current evidence on the clinical presentation, management, complications, and outcomes of echinococcosis during pregnancy. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases from 1990 to 2025 were queried. Sixty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria, and a total of 120 pregnant patients with echinococcosis were studied, of whom 118 were diagnosed with cystic echinococcosis (CE) and 2 were diagnoses with alveolar echinococcosis. Among patients with CE, the mean maternal age was 28 years old, and the liver was the most commonly affected organ (69%). Successful delivery of healthy infants was reported in 73% of the CE patients. Embryonic\/fetal death was reported in 18% of cases, whereas preterm delivery was reported in 28% of pregnancies with available delivery data. The most common management strategy during pregnancy was the watch-and-wait approach (50%) followed by surgery (18%), percutaneous interventions (12%), albendazole therapy (9%), combined surgery and benzimidazole therapy (8%), and percutaneous interventions combined with albendazole (2%). Given the potential for serious maternal and fetal complications in pregnancy and the paucity of high-quality evidence in this area, there is a clear need for further well-designed clinical studies to improve our understanding of diagnostic approaches, clinical management, therapeutic strategies, and maternal and fetal long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.25-0759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T15:24:21Z","timestamp":1784215461000},"page":"571-577","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Echinococcosis in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review on Complications, Management, and Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Kiarash","family":"Kavari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran;"},{"name":"Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;"},{"name":"Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Ebrahimzadeh Mirzaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran;"},{"name":"Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Khajehasani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasrin","family":"Asadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Shafiee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid Fasihi","family":"Harandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"b1","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"385","article-title":"Prevention and control of cystic echinococcosis","volume":"7","author":"Craig","year":"2007"},{"issue":"6","key":"b2","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"878","article-title":"Human alveolar echinococcosis after fox population increase, Switzerland","volume":"13","author":"Schweiger","year":"2007"},{"issue":"3","key":"b3","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"e00290-20","article-title":"Echinococcoses in Iran, Turkey, and Pakistan: Old diseases in the new millennium","volume":"34","author":"Borhani","year":"2021"},{"issue":"7","key":"b4","series-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris)","first-page":"803","article-title":"Pelvic hydatid cyst and pregnancy. Four cases","volume":"21","author":"Fekih","year":"1992"},{"issue":"8","key":"b5","series-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol","first-page":"665","article-title":"Obstetric and gynaecological presentations of hydatid disease","volume":"89","author":"Rahman","year":"1982"},{"issue":"1","key":"b6","series-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet","first-page":"103","article-title":"Analysis of factors affecting outcomes of pregnancy complicated by Echinococcus: An algorithm for approach and management","volume":"298","author":"Celik","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"b7","series-title":"Ann Parasitol","first-page":"297","article-title":"Evaluation of human cystic echinococcosis before and after surgery and chemotherapy by demonstration of antibodies in serum","volume":"60","author":"Tenguria","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"b8","series-title":"J Infect","first-page":"106445","article-title":"Past, present and future epidemiology of echinococcosis in China based on nationwide surveillance data 2004\u20132022","volume":"90","author":"Wang","year":"2025"},{"issue":"8","key":"b9","series-title":"Parasite Immunol","first-page":"328","article-title":"Pregnancy and helminth infections","volume":"36","author":"Mpairwe","year":"2014"},{"issue":"8","key":"b10","series-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv","first-page":"515","article-title":"Parasitic infections in pregnancy","volume":"66","author":"Dotters-Katz","year":"2011"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"106490","article-title":"Echinococcosis in immunocompromised patients: A systematic review","volume":"232","author":"Ghasemirad","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"b12","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"1","article-title":"Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans","volume":"114","author":"Brunetti","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"b13","series-title":"Yale J Biol Med","first-page":"271","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of hydatid cyst cases during pregnancy","volume":"94","author":"\u015eahin","year":"2021"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Int J Surg Open","first-page":"100324","article-title":"Liver hydatid diseases of the pregnancy: Management approaches and outcomes","volume":"31","author":"Noori","year":"2021"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"n160","article-title":"PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: Updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"j4008","article-title":"AMSTAR 2: A critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both","volume":"358","author":"Shea","year":"2017"},{"key":"b17","article-title":"Systematic Reviews of Etiology and Risk. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis.","author":"Moola","year":"2020"},{"issue":"10","key":"b18","series-title":"JBI Evid Synth","first-page":"2127","article-title":"Methodological quality of case series studies: An introduction to the JBI critical appraisal tool","volume":"18","author":"Munn","year":"2020"},{"key":"b19","article-title":"Google Forms.","year":"2026"},{"issue":"3","key":"b20","series-title":"Ultrasound Int Open","first-page":"E70","article-title":"Ultrasound and cystic echinococcosis","volume":"4","author":"Brunetti","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5","key":"b21","series-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis","first-page":"425","article-title":"Acceptance of standardized ultrasound classification, use of albendazole, and long-term follow-up in clinical management of cystic echinococcosis: A systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Tamarozzi","year":"2014"},{"key":"b22","article-title":"Meeting of the WHO Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis (WHO-IWGE).","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"b23","series-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet","first-page":"162","article-title":"Management of hepatic echinococcosis in pregnancy","volume":"109","author":"Pallua","year":"2010"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"IDCases","first-page":"e02256","article-title":"Management of Echinococcus multilocularis in pregnancy: A case report","volume":"40","author":"Fanning","year":"2025"},{"issue":"6","key":"b25","series-title":"BMJ Glob Health","first-page":"e005671","article-title":"Trends and projections of caesarean section rates: Global and regional estimates","volume":"6","author":"Betran","year":"2021"},{"issue":"6","key":"b26","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1684","article-title":"Conservative management of liver echinococcal cysts in pregnant women: Single center experience in Pavia, Italy","volume":"106","author":"Lissandrin","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"b27","series-title":"Pak J Med Sci","first-page":"159","article-title":"Echinococcal tension pneumothorax in a pregnant woman","volume":"25","author":"Ekim","year":"2009"},{"key":"b28","article-title":"WHO Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients with Cystic Echinococcosis.","year":"2025"},{"issue":"2","key":"b29","series-title":"J Immunol","first-page":"221","article-title":"Altered offspring immunity in maternal parasitic infections","volume":"208","author":"Gibbs","year":"2022"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"Front Immunol","first-page":"575197","article-title":"Maternal immunological adaptation during normal pregnancy","volume":"11","author":"Abu-Raya","year":"2020"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Case Rep Infect Dis","first-page":"753848","article-title":"An imported case of echinococcosis in a pregnant lady with unusual presentation","volume":"2013","author":"Al-Ani","year":"2013"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Advances in Parasitology and Echinococcosis, Part A","first-page":"65","volume":"95","author":"Thompson","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"b33","series-title":"Int J Infect Dis","first-page":"125","article-title":"Echinococcosis: A review","volume":"13","author":"Moro","year":"2009"},{"issue":"9392","key":"b34","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1295","article-title":"Echinococcosis","volume":"362","author":"McManus","year":"2003"},{"key":"b35","article-title":"WHO\/OIE Manual on Echinococcosis in Humans and Animals: A Zoonosis of Global Concern.","year":"2001"},{"issue":"7","key":"b36","series-title":"Int J Parasitol","first-page":"541","article-title":"Systematic review of exposure to albendazole or mebendazole during pregnancy and effects on maternal and child outcomes, with particular reference to exposure in the first trimester","volume":"49","author":"Gyorkos","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"b37","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"72","article-title":"Assessing the risk of benzimidazole therapy during pregnancy","volume":"95","author":"Bradley","year":"2001"},{"issue":"2","key":"b38","series-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv","first-page":"116","article-title":"Management of hydatid disease (echinococcosis) in pregnancy","volume":"63","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2008"},{"issue":"6","key":"b39","series-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"693","article-title":"A case of hydatid cyst associated with postpartum maternal death","volume":"27","author":"Robertson","year":"2006"},{"issue":"3","key":"b40","series-title":"Bull World Health Organ","first-page":"231","article-title":"Guidelines for treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans","volume":"74","year":"1996"},{"issue":"12","key":"b41","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"1093","article-title":"Inadvertent exposure of pregnant women to ivermectin and albendazole during mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis","volume":"8","author":"Gyapong","year":"2003"},{"issue":"2","key":"b42","series-title":"J Travel Med","first-page":"taz079","article-title":"Treatment of soil-transmitted helminth infections in pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of maternal outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Lau","year":"2020"},{"key":"b43","series-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol","first-page":"223","article-title":"Antihelminthics in pregnancy and maternal, newborn and child health","volume":"26","author":"Imhoff-Kunsch","year":"2012"},{"issue":"4","key":"b44","series-title":"Matern Child Nutr","first-page":"e13183","article-title":"Maternal postpartum deworming and infant milk intake: Secondary outcomes from a trial","volume":"17","author":"Mofid","year":"2021"},{"issue":"11","key":"b45","series-title":"Cpt Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol","first-page":"1990","article-title":"Investigation of a fully mechanistic physiologically based pharmacokinetics model of absorption to support predictions of milk concentrations in breastfeeding women and the exposure of infants: A case study for albendazole","volume":"13","author":"Cole","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"b46","series-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv","first-page":"50","article-title":"Laparoscopic surgery during pregnancy","volume":"56","author":"Fatum","year":"2001"},{"issue":"6","key":"b47","series-title":"Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"835","article-title":"Appendectomy during pregnancy: A Swedish registry study of 778 cases","volume":"77","author":"Mazze","year":"1991"},{"key":"b48","series-title":"IDCases","first-page":"e01833","article-title":"Pulmonary cystic echinococcosis acquired during a short-term tourist travel","volume":"33","author":"Svensgaard","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"b49","series-title":"Klin Monbl Augenheilkd","first-page":"464","article-title":"Surgical procedure and perioperative management of a giant orbital echinococcus cyst during and after pregnancy","volume":"240","author":"Fr\u00e4nkl","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"b50","series-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth","first-page":"858","article-title":"Management of breech presentation with a large pelvic hydatid cyst in late pregnancy in Tibet: A case report","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2022"},{"issue":"5","key":"b51","series-title":"Pak J Med Sci","first-page":"774","article-title":"A hydatid cyst found in an uncommon site coincidentally","volume":"23","author":"Kilinc","year":"2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"b52","series-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet","first-page":"43","article-title":"A large hydatid cyst of the liver in pregnancy","volume":"256","author":"Golaszewski","year":"1995"},{"issue":"3","key":"b53","series-title":"Acta Cardiol","first-page":"387","article-title":"A pericardial hydatid cyst and pregnancy","volume":"66","author":"Erol","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"b54","series-title":"J Neurol Sci Turk","first-page":"391","article-title":"Cerebral and cardiac locations of hydatid cyst in a pregnant case presenting with acute stroke and MR images like intracranial tumor","volume":"31","author":"Geyik","year":"2014"},{"key":"b55","series-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)","first-page":"102161","article-title":"Cerebral hydatid cyst during pregnancy: A case report","volume":"63","author":"Benhayoune","year":"2021"},{"issue":"5","key":"b56","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e25431","article-title":"Diagnosis of a ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst in a 26-week pregnant female with bedside lung ultrasound in emergency (BLUE) protocol: A case report","volume":"14","author":"Arslan","year":"2022"},{"issue":"5","key":"b57","series-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet","first-page":"965","article-title":"Dilemmas encountered while dealing a pregnancy complicated by pelvic hydatid disease","volume":"288","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"b58","series-title":"HPB Surg","first-page":"115","article-title":"Echinococcal disease of the liver in pregnancy","volume":"2","author":"Crow","year":"1990"},{"issue":"3","key":"b59","series-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet","first-page":"239","article-title":"Hepatic and splenic hydatid cyst during pregnancy: A case report","volume":"268","author":"Can","year":"2003"},{"issue":"4","key":"b60","series-title":"J Europ\u00e9en Des Urgences","first-page":"198","article-title":"Hydatid cyst associated with anaphylactic shock","volume":"17","author":"Brahmi","year":"2004"},{"issue":"2","key":"b61","series-title":"Ann Saudi Med","first-page":"130","article-title":"Hydatid cyst associated with pregnancy: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"19","author":"Abu-Eshy","year":"1999"},{"issue":"4","key":"b62","series-title":"J Clin Exp Hepatol","first-page":"366","article-title":"Hydatid cyst of liver presented as obstructive jaundice in pregnancy; managed by PAIR","volume":"4","author":"Ghosh","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"b63","series-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet","first-page":"29","article-title":"Hydatid cyst of urinary bladder associated with pregnancy: A case report","volume":"282","author":"Kanagal","year":"2010"},{"issue":"11","key":"b64","series-title":"ANZ J Surg","first-page":"692","article-title":"Hydatid disease of the liver in pregnancy","volume":"71","author":"Haxhimolla","year":"2001"},{"issue":"8","key":"b65","series-title":"Echocardiography","first-page":"E236","article-title":"Isolated ruptured inter-atrial septal cystic echinococcosis during pregnancy","volume":"30","author":"Ercan","year":"2013"},{"issue":"8","key":"b66","series-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries","first-page":"680","article-title":"Long-term results of percutaneously treated multiple hepatic and splenic hydatid cysts in a pregnant woman","volume":"12","author":"Bakdik","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"b67","series-title":"Tuberc Thorax","first-page":"96","article-title":"Pregnancy and hydatid cyst","volume":"56","author":"Tertemiz","year":"2008"},{"issue":"7","key":"b68","series-title":"Afr J Microbiol Res","first-page":"1621","article-title":"Pregnancy and renal cyst hydatid disease: Case report","volume":"6","author":"Gecit","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"b69","series-title":"J Surg Case Rep","first-page":"rjy324","article-title":"Primary hydatid cyst localized in soft tissue during pregnancy","volume":"2019","author":"Akba\u015f","year":"2019"},{"key":"b70","series-title":"Case Rep Clin Pract Rev","first-page":"4","article-title":"Pulmonary echinococcosis during pregnancy: Clinical aspects and management","volume":"8","author":"Gautschi","year":"2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"b71","series-title":"Ann Thorac Med","first-page":"66","article-title":"Pulmonary hydatid cyst in a pregnant patient causing acute respiratory failure","volume":"2","author":"Hijazi","year":"2007"},{"issue":"4","key":"b72","series-title":"J Endourol Case Rep","first-page":"479","article-title":"Robot-assisted nephron-sparing surgery of renal hydatid in pregnancy: A predicament in management","volume":"6","author":"Bhirud","year":"2020"},{"issue":"6","key":"b73","series-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand","first-page":"600","article-title":"Successful management of obstructed labor in a patient with multiple hydatid cysts: Management of obstructed labor caused by hydatid cysts","volume":"83","author":"Goswami","year":"2004"},{"key":"b74","series-title":"Indian Heart J","first-page":"S118","article-title":"A giant cardiac hydatid cyst presenting with chest pain and ventricular tachycardia in a pregnant woman undergoing cesarean section","volume":"68","author":"Yaman","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"b75","series-title":"Radiol Case Rep","first-page":"168","article-title":"A very rare case: Hydatid cyst surrounding uterus and magnetic resonance imaging findings in the pregnant patient","volume":"14","author":"Tekin","year":"2019"},{"issue":"8","key":"b76","series-title":"Bratisl Lek Listy","first-page":"464","article-title":"Abdominal and pelvic hydatid cyst obstructing thelabor","volume":"111","author":"Zulfikaroglu","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"b77","series-title":"Am J Gastroenterol","first-page":"S1349","article-title":"An incidental liver mass waiting to explore: Hydatid cyst in a pregnant female","volume":"115","author":"Syed","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"b78","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"489","article-title":"Clinical problem-solving. A growing problem\u2014A 36-year-old pregnant woman at 21 weeks of gestation presented with a 4-week history of a dry, nonproductive cough","volume":"357","author":"Yeh","year":"2007"},{"issue":"4","key":"b79","series-title":"Isr Med Assoc J","first-page":"290","article-title":"Echinococcosis of the spleen during pregnancy","volume":"3","author":"Srour","year":"2001"},{"issue":"04","key":"b80","series-title":"J Dig Endosc","first-page":"295","article-title":"Endoscopic management of obstructive jaundice in pregnancy due to hepatic hydatid disease","volume":"11","author":"Singh","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"b81","series-title":"Med J Malaysia","first-page":"103","article-title":"First case of pulmonary hydatid cyst in a pregnant Syrian refugee woman in Malaysia","volume":"76","author":"Azlin","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"b82","series-title":"Tex Heart Inst J","first-page":"333","article-title":"Giant hydatid cyst in the interventricular septum of a pregnant woman","volume":"29","author":"Tetik","year":"2002"},{"issue":"6","key":"b83","series-title":"Ann Med Health Sci Res","first-page":"373","article-title":"Heart and lung hydatid cyst in a pregnant woman: A case report","volume":"7","author":"Rostami","year":"2017"},{"issue":"7","key":"b84","series-title":"Echocardiography","first-page":"778","article-title":"Hydatid cyst of the right ventricle in early pregnancy","volume":"25","author":"Soleimani","year":"2008"},{"issue":"3","key":"b85","series-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol India","first-page":"215","article-title":"Hydatid cysts in a pregnant uterus","volume":"64","author":"Thakare","year":"2014"},{"issue":"6","key":"b86","series-title":"Am J Gastroenterol","first-page":"1553","article-title":"Hydatid disease in pregnancy","volume":"97","author":"Montes","year":"2002"},{"issue":"2","key":"b87","series-title":"Iran J Parasitol","first-page":"287","article-title":"Is it necessary to terminate pregnancy before hydatid cyst surgery?","volume":"15","author":"Shahraki","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"b88","series-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med","first-page":"203","article-title":"Major liver resection in pregnancy: Three cases with different etiologies and review of the literature","volume":"32","author":"Pencovich","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"b89","series-title":"Int J Fertil Steril","first-page":"60","article-title":"Pelvic hydatid cyst: Three cases with suspected adnexal masses","volume":"16","author":"Tarafdar","year":"2022"},{"key":"b90","series-title":"HPB","first-page":"S118","article-title":"Percutaneous drainage and hydatid cyst alcoholization a pregnant patient","volume":"21","author":"Parquet","year":"2019"},{"key":"b91","series-title":"BMJ Case Rep","first-page":"bcr2012007880","article-title":"Pregnancy complicated by abdominopelvic hydatid disease","volume":"2012","author":"Tyagi","year":"2012"},{"key":"b92","series-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep","first-page":"404","article-title":"Primary chest wall hydatid cyst: Review of literature with report of a new case","volume":"41","author":"Salih","year":"2017"},{"issue":"8","key":"b93","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"415","article-title":"Primary hydatid cyst of the brain during pregnancy","volume":"46","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2","key":"b94","series-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet","first-page":"177","article-title":"Primary pelvic echinococcosis in pregnancy","volume":"52","author":"Zorlu","year":"1996"},{"issue":"4","key":"b95","series-title":"J Krishna Inst Med Sci Univ","first-page":"127","article-title":"Primary pelvic hydatid cyst obstructing the labour","volume":"4","author":"Ware","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"b96","series-title":"Med Sci Monit","first-page":"CS27","article-title":"Recurrent hepatic hydatid cyst in a pregnant woman","volume":"13","author":"Poiat","year":"2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"b97","series-title":"Respir Case Rep","first-page":"107","article-title":"Ruptured lung hydatid cyst in late pregnancy that mimics tension hydropneumothorax","volume":"3","author":"Tulay","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"b98","series-title":"South Afr J Hiv Med","first-page":"1363","article-title":"Splenic hydatid disease in pregnancy","volume":"23","author":"Thomson","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"b99","series-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet","first-page":"181","article-title":"Percutaneous treatment of hepatic hydatid cyst in pregnancy","volume":"262","author":"Ust\u00fcns\u00f6z","year":"1999"},{"issue":"6","key":"b100","series-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet","first-page":"547","article-title":"Percutaneous treatment of hepatic hydatid cyst in pregnancy: Long-term results","volume":"277","author":"Ustunsoz","year":"2008"},{"issue":"3","key":"b101","series-title":"Gynecol Surg","first-page":"243","article-title":"Surgical treatment of hepatic hydatic disease during pregnancy: Report of two cases","volume":"5","author":"\u00dcnalp","year":"2008"},{"issue":"14","key":"b102","series-title":"J Clin Med","first-page":"5073","article-title":"Hydatid cyst in pregnancy\u2014A diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma: Study case report","volume":"14","author":"Steriu","year":"2025"},{"key":"b103","series-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep","first-page":"111256","article-title":"Primary cerebral hydatid cyst in a pregnant woman: A case report","volume":"130","author":"Muhammad","year":"2025"},{"issue":"5","key":"b104","series-title":"Radiol Case Rep","first-page":"2496","article-title":"Postpartum maternal death resulting from complications of a large hydatid cyst of the lung in a resource-constraint setting: A rare case report and review of literature","volume":"20","author":"Lugata","year":"2025"},{"key":"b105","series-title":"SAGE Open Med Case Rep","first-page":"2050313X241287645","article-title":"Human cystic echinococcosis detected in mesentery: A case report","volume":"12","author":"Schandiz","year":"2024"},{"key":"b106","series-title":"Case Rep Womens Health","first-page":"e00611","article-title":"Management of a large splenic hydatid cyst in pregnancy: A case report","volume":"42","author":"Mazid","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"b107","series-title":"J Med Case Rep","first-page":"312","article-title":"An unexpected case of an adnexal hydatid cyst in a pregnant woman: A case report","volume":"18","author":"Brezeanu","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/115\/3\/article-p571.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/115\/3\/article-p571.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/115\/3\/article-p571.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T12:54:46Z","timestamp":1788353686000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/115\/3\/article-p571.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.25-0759","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]}}}