{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:10:26Z","timestamp":1780499426313,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    West Nile virus (WNV) is transmitted by mosquitoes to humans in many regions and can cause neuroinvasive disease and death. To better understand the local burden of disease caused by WNV and risk factors for disease severity, we analyzed cases from across the Johns Hopkins Health System Corporation. We identified 86 patients who met confirmed\/probable case definitions for WNV infection from 2013 to 2024. Seventy-one patients (83%) had West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND), and nine (10%) died. Encephalitis (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 47) was the most common complication and was associated with increased age, alcohol use disorder, immunocompromised status, and a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index. Of the 21 patients in the cohort who were immunocompromised, 20 (95%) developed WNND, and 4 (19%) died. The overall median hospital length of stay was 8 days (interquartile range 5\u201315). People diagnosed with WNV in this health care system experienced significant morbidity and mortality from WNND, notably when immunocompromised.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.26-0008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T14:44:33Z","timestamp":1775745873000},"page":"1212-1215","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["West Nile Morbidity and Mortality in a Mid-Atlantic Health Care System, 2013\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Seth D.","family":"Judson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Auwaerter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;"},{"name":"Sherilyn and Ken Fisher Center for Environmental Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Dowdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"National Public Health Strategy to Prevent and Control Vector-Borne Diseases in People","year":"2024"},{"issue":"9","key":"b2","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1354","article-title":"West Nile fever characteristics among viremic persons identified through blood donor screening","volume":"202","author":"Zou","year":"2010"},{"issue":"12","key":"b3","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"1617","article-title":"The long-term outcomes of human West Nile Virus 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meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Roberts","year":"2025"},{"issue":"12","key":"b8","series-title":"JAMA Netw Open","first-page":"e2548229","article-title":"Risk factors for West Nile neuroinvasive disease and mortality in the US, 2013\u20132024","volume":"8","author":"Judson","year":"2025"},{"key":"b9","article-title":"Arboviral Diseases, Neuroinvasive and Non-Neuroinvasive 2015 Case Definition.","year":"2021"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Epidemiol Infect","first-page":"e103","article-title":"Comorbid conditions as risk factors for West Nile neuroinvasive disease in Ontario, Canada: A population-based cohort study","volume":"150","author":"Sutinen","year":"2022"},{"issue":"4","key":"b11","series-title":"Am Health Drug Benefits","first-page":"188","article-title":"Charlson Comorbidity Index: ICD-9 update and ICD-10 translation","volume":"12","author":"Glasheen","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"b12","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"441","article-title":"West Nile 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