{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:55:00Z","timestamp":1791309300949,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Malaria negatively impacts childhood development and education outcomes. However, evidence on the effects of malaria control on education outcomes is limited. Since 2013, Senegal has scaled up routine monthly administration of malaria chemoprevention to young children during the peak malaria transmission season (i.e., seasonal malaria chemoprevention [SMC]) as a critical malaria control intervention. We conducted a district-level ecological analysis to determine whether large-scale implementation of SMC is associated with improved education outcomes. Using generalized additive mixed models applied to routine malaria intervention and education indicator data for the 2013\u20132019 period, we show that in comparison with non-SMC districts, districts that had received multiple SMC rounds had improved education outcomes, specifically enrollment, dropout and repetition rates, as well as pass rates of children completing primary school. Our findings highlight the broader benefits of SMC beyond malaria prevention and underscore its role in advancing educational attainment and human development goals in malaria-endemic settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.26-0036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:38:16Z","timestamp":1791308296000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Association of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention with Educational Outcomes in Senegal, 2013\u20132019: A District-Level Ecological Analysis"],"prefix":"10.4269","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Ndiaye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donal","family":"Bisanzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International, Washington, District of Columbia, USA;"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Gove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International, Washington, District of Columbia, USA;"},{"name":"Tangerine Central, Washington, District of Columbia, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Cohee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;"},{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Reithinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International, Washington, District of Columbia, USA;"},{"name":"Pure Earth, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"World Malaria Report, 2025","year":"2025"},{"issue":"4","key":"b2","series-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am","first-page":"851","article-title":"Malaria in children","volume":"64","author":"Cohee","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"b3","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"424","article-title":"The role of health in education and human capital: Why an integrated approach to school health could make a difference in the futures of SAC in low-income countries","volume":"104","author":"Cohee","year":"2020"},{"key":"b4","article-title":"Guidelines for Malaria.","year":"2022"},{"key":"b5"},{"key":"b6","article-title":"Updated WHO Recommendations for Malaria Chemoprevention among Children and Pregnant Women.","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"b7","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"20","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of seasonal malaria chemoprevention","volume":"110","author":"Thwing","year":"2024"},{"key":"b8","article-title":"Senegal Malaria Operational Plan FY 2024.","year":"2024"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Situation \u00c9conomique et Sociale du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal 2022\u20132023","year":"2025"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction with R","author":"Wood","year":"2017"},{"key":"b11","article-title":"R: The R Project for Statistical Computing."},{"key":"b12","series-title":"How Can We End Malaria? Lessons from Around the World.","year":"2021"},{"issue":"11","key":"b13","series-title":"PLoS Med","first-page":"e1002175","article-title":"Effectiveness of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in children under ten years of age in Senegal: A stepped wedge cluster-randomised trial","volume":"13","author":"Ciss\u00e9","year":"2016"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Wellcome Open Res","first-page":"216","article-title":"Effectiveness of seasonal malaria chemoprevention administered in a mass campaign in the Kedougou region of Senegal in 2016: A case-control study","volume":"7","author":"Manga","year":"2022"},{"issue":"4","key":"b15","series-title":"PLoS Clin Trials","first-page":"e19","article-title":"Long-term impact of malaria chemoprophylaxis on cognitive abilities and educational attainment: Follow-up of a controlled trial","volume":"1","author":"Jukes","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"b16","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"134","article-title":"Associations between the use of insecticide-treated nets in early childhood and educational outcomes, marriage and child-bearing in early adulthood: Evidence from a 22-year prospective cohort study in Tanzania","volume":"22","author":"Mrema","year":"2023"},{"issue":"9633","key":"b17","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"127","article-title":"Effect of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria on health and education in schoolchildren: A cluster-randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"372","author":"Clarke","year":"2008"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"12","article-title":"Association between early childhood exposure to malaria and children\u2019s pre-school development: Evidence from the Zambia early childhood development project","volume":"12","author":"Fink","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"b19","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","first-page":"902","article-title":"Association between malaria infection and early childhood development mediated by anemia in rural Kenya","volume":"17","author":"Milner","year":"2020"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"209","article-title":"Caution is required when using health facility-based data to evaluate the health impact of malaria control efforts in Africa","volume":"8","author":"Rowe","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/aop\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0036\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0036.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/aop\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0036\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0036.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:38:16Z","timestamp":1791308296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/aop\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0036\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0036.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.26-0036","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]}}}