{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T13:20:47Z","timestamp":1788355247577,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n \n Nonfermenting Gram-negative bacteria (NFGNB) pose a significant public health threat due to multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by biofilms, efflux pumps, and carbapenemases. This cross-sectional study evaluated the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of quinolones and carbapenems against the\n Acinetobacter calcoaceticus\u2013baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n (ACB) complex and\n Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n isolated from clinical specimens at the Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal. These NFGNB were isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. Quinolone- and carbapenem-resistant isolates, screened by disc diffusion, were tested for MICs of quinolones and carbapenems using broth microdilution. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS v. 17.0. Ninety-two NFGNB were isolated, predominantly from urine (40.2%; 37\/92). The MDR proportion was high in\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n (85.7% [18\/21] versus 80.28% [57\/71]). The extensively drug-resistant (XDR) proportion was high in the ACB complex (14.1% [10\/71] versus 4.8% [1\/21]). The MIC\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n in\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n against norfloxacin and ofloxacin was \u22658 and \u22650.5\n \u00b5<\/jats:italic>\n g\/mL, respectively. The MIC\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n against ciprofloxacin in\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n was \u22658\n \u00b5<\/jats:italic>\n g\/mL, whereas it was \u226532\n \u00b5<\/jats:italic>\n g\/mL in the ACB complex. MIC\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n against levofloxacin was \u22650.5\n \u00b5<\/jats:italic>\n g\/mL in\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n , unlike the ACB complex (\u226516\n \u00b5<\/jats:italic>\n g\/mL). The MIC\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n for meropenem was lower in the ACB complex (\u22654 versus \u22658\n \u00b5<\/jats:italic>\n g\/mL) than in\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n , whereas both showed similar MIC\n 90<\/jats:sub>\n (\u226564\n \u00b5<\/jats:italic>\n g\/mL). ACB complex showed higher MIC\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n against imipenem (\u22654\n \u00b5<\/jats:italic>\n g\/mL) than\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n (\u22650.125\n \u00b5<\/jats:italic>\n g\/mL). Over three-fourths of the NFGNB infections were caused by the ACB complex, exhibiting high XDR rates and elevated MICs to quinolones and carbapenems, underscoring the need for strengthened antimicrobial stewardship.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.26-0040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T17:17:35Z","timestamp":1783444655000},"page":"443-447","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In\u00a0Vitro Efficacy of Quinolones and Carbapenems against Nonfermenting Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Clinical Specimens in a Nepalese Tertiary Care Hospital"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Shila","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Shi-Gan International College of Science and Technology, Kathmandu, Nepal;"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aakash","family":"Parajuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiba Kumar","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"b1","series-title":"Virulence","first-page":"243","article-title":"Acinetobacter baumannii: An emerging opportunistic pathogen","volume":"3","author":"Howard","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"b2","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"409","article-title":"Clinical and pathophysiological overview of Acinetobacter infections: A century of 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