{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T13:47:22Z","timestamp":1785937642635,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLN) is the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and remains a diagnostic challenge due to its variable clinical presentation and diverse cytopathological patterns of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence and the cytopathological pattern of tuberculous lymphadenitis. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital in Eastern Ethiopia from January 2019 to December 2022. Cytomorphological patterns were categorized into four patterns: epithelioid cell granuloma without necrosis, epithelioid cell granuloma with necrosis, necrosis without epithelioid cell granuloma and with numerous neutrophilic infiltrates, and caseous necrosis only. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the independent variables. The \u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    test of independence was used to compare proportions between cytopathological patterns. After Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, a\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    -value of &lt;0.0083 was considered statistically significant. A total of 725 patients with lymphadenopathy underwent FNAC during the study period, of whom 383 (52.8%; 95% CI: 48.6%\u201355.9%) were diagnosed with TBLN by FNAC. Females accounted for 198 (51.7%) of cases. The mean age was 20 \u00b1 15 years. Cervical lymph nodes were the most commonly affected site (77.7%). The most frequent cytopathological pattern was epithelioid cell granuloma without necrosis (32%; 95% CI: 27.2%\u201336.8%), followed by caseous necrosis only (30%; 95% CI: 25.2%\u201334.6%). Tuberculosis is a predominant cause of lymphadenopathy, and FNAC plays a critical role in diagnosis, especially in resource-limited settings. Understanding cytopathological patterns can improve diagnostic accuracy and guide clinical decision-making.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.26-0205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T14:00:12Z","timestamp":1782828012000},"page":"245-249","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and Cytopathological Patterns of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis at a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Biniyam Tedla","family":"Mamo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kibrewossen Kiflu","family":"Akililu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State Global One Health LLC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Addisu","family":"Alemu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"b1","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0215647","article-title":"Epidemiology of tuberculous lymphadenitis in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Mekonnen","year":"2019"},{"key":"b2","article-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2017."},{"issue":"1","key":"b3","series-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect","first-page":"1","article-title":"Risk factors for extrapulmonary dissemination of tuberculosis and associated mortality during treatment for extrapulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"7","author":"Qian","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"b4","series-title":"Int J 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hospital","volume":"6","author":"Bhatta","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5","key":"b19","series-title":"Int J Infect Dis","first-page":"600","article-title":"Gender differences in the clinical diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis\u2014A hospital-based study from central India","volume":"13","author":"Purohit","year":"2009"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Pathology","first-page":"S68","article-title":"Pattern of tuberculosis lymphadenitis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology in Gondar University Hospital","volume":"46","author":"Weldemichael","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"b21","series-title":"Indian J Tuberc","first-page":"437","article-title":"Utility of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis compared to GeneXpert in a tertiary health care center in Northern Odisha, India","volume":"68","author":"Gouda","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"b22","series-title":"Ann Med Health Sci Res","first-page":"44","article-title":"Tuberculous 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