{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:39:41Z","timestamp":1792510781726,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The rapid loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based diagnostic test (RLDT) has been validated as a simple, sensitive, and rapid tool for detecting\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. from fresh or frozen stool. When stool is unavailable or difficult to transport, rectal swabs (RSs) in Cary\u2013Blair medium, stool collected in buffered glycerol saline (BGS), or stool-dipped swabs (SDSs) in Cary\u2013Blair medium offer alternatives that can be easily collected and transported without maintaining a cold chain. This study evaluated the performance of RLDTs for detecting\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. from RSs, stool collected in BGS, and SDSs compared with fresh stool (FS). Paired RSs and FS were collected from 105 children younger than 5 years old at two hospitals in Bangladesh. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were determined along with the agreement between assays using kappa statistics. The RLDTs detected\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    in approximately 38\u201340% of samples across all sample types. Rectal swabs in Cary\u2013Blair medium and SDS each showed 97.6% sensitivity and 100% specificity, with PPVs of 100% and NPVs of 98.5% (RSs) and 98.4% (SDSs) compared with FS; stool collected in BGS samples demonstrated the highest sensitivity (100%) and NPV (100%), with 98.4% specificity and 97.6% PPV. All alternative specimen types showed almost perfect agreement with FS. The RLDT performed well using RSs, indicating a practical alternative to stool for detecting\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The assay was also reliable with stool collected in BGS and SDSs. Broader adoption of RLDTs could improve diagnostic capacity and strengthen surveillance and control efforts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.26-0232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T14:50:15Z","timestamp":1792507815000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validation of a Rapid Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification-Based Test for the Detection of Shigella from Rectal Swab"],"prefix":"10.4269","author":[{"given":"Farina","family":"Naz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Research Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sampa","family":"Dash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Research Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Sultana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Research Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Research Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaniram","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Research Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Razibur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Research Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahmeed","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Executive Director, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asg","family":"Faruque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Research Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhra","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","article-title":"Extensively Drug-Resistant Shigella sonnei Infections\u2014Europe\u2014European Region (EURO).","year":"2022"},{"issue":"11","key":"b2","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"1229","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality due to shigella and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhoea: The Global Burden of Disease Study 1990\u20132016","volume":"18","author":"Khalil","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5","key":"b3","series-title":"Biochem Genet","first-page":"4651","article-title":"Molecular characterization of extended spectrum beta-lactamase resistance in pediatric Shigella isolates in Egypt","volume":"63","author":"Badr","year":"2025"},{"issue":"5","key":"b4","series-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)","first-page":"2951","article-title":"Evaluation of non-invasive diagnostic tools for diarrhea: A systematic review of point-of-care tests and 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Dis","first-page":"e0011113","article-title":"Development of a simple, rapid, and sensitive molecular diagnostic assay for cholera","volume":"17","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"b9","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0010192","article-title":"Evaluation of a simple, rapid and field-adapted diagnostic assay for enterotoxigenic E. coli and Shigella.","volume":"16","author":"Connor","year":"2022"},{"issue":"11","key":"b10","series-title":"Microorganisms","first-page":"2809","article-title":"Contribution of the rapid LAMP-based diagnostic test (RLDT) to the evaluation of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Shigella in childhood diarrhea in the peri-urban area of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso","volume":"11","author":"H\u00e9ma","year":"2023"},{"issue":"8","key":"b11","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0010207","article-title":"Field evaluation of a novel, rapid diagnostic assay, and molecular epidemiology of enterotoxigenic E. coli among Zambian children presenting with diarrhea","volume":"16","author":"Silwamba","year":"2022"},{"key":"b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.64898\/2025.12.08.25341873","article-title":"Evaluation of the Performance and Feasibility of RLDT in Detecting Shigella in a Primary Healthcare Facility of Rural Bangladesh.","author":"Dash","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"b13","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0010180","article-title":"Development of a simple, rapid, and sensitive diagnostic assay for enterotoxigenic E. coli and Shigella spp applicable to endemic countries","volume":"16","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2022"},{"issue":"8","key":"b14","series-title":"Microorganisms","first-page":"1677","article-title":"The Impact of Nondysentery Shigella Infection on the Growth and Health of Children over Time (INSIGHT)\u2014A prospective case-control study protocol","volume":"12","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"b15","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"493","article-title":"Rectal swabs as a viable alternative to faecal sampling for the analysis of gut microbiota functionality and composition","volume":"13","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"b16","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"413","article-title":"Comparing the broth enrichment-multiplex lateral flow immunochromatographic assay with real time quantitative PCR for the rapid detection of carbapenemase-producing organisms in rectal swabs","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"b17","series-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis","first-page":"116250","article-title":"Validation of a rapid molecular detection test for gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria in rectal swabs upon admission of patients to the intensive care unit","volume":"109","author":"Carranza","year":"2024"},{"issue":"4","key":"b18","series-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis","first-page":"115055","article-title":"Evaluation of Copan FecalSwab\u2122 preserved stool specimens with the BD MAX\u2122 Enteric Bacterial Panel and the BD MAX\u2122 Extended Enteric Bacterial Panel","volume":"97","author":"Rojas","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"b19","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"5916","article-title":"Evaluation of molecular inhibitors of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)","volume":"14","author":"Nwe","year":"2024"},{"issue":"8","key":"b20","series-title":"Cells","first-page":"1931","article-title":"Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): The better sibling of PCR?","volume":"10","author":"Soroka","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"b21","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1276","article-title":"Rectal swabs as an alternative sample collection method to bulk stool for the real-time PCR detection of Giardia duodenalis.","volume":"103","author":"Maasch","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and 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