{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:55:00Z","timestamp":1791309300873,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This case report describes a rare cutaneous facial infection caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Balamuthia mandrillaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A 5-year-old boy presented with a red plaque on his left cheek lasting 14 months that had been previously misdiagnosed as a fungal infection without response to treatment. Routine fungal microscopy, histopathology, and molecular testing failed to identify the pathogen. Ultimately, next-generation sequencing of the skin lesion detected sequences of\n                    <jats:italic>B. mandrillaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which was subsequently confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction testing. Examination of head magnetic resonance imaging confirmed no central nervous system involvement. The patient was treated with a combination regimen including lincomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and albendazole. After 3 months of therapy, the skin lesions subsided significantly, resulting in a favorable prognosis without the development of fatal granulomatous amebic encephalitis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.26-0280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:38:16Z","timestamp":1791308296000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Facial Balamuthia mandrillaris Infection"],"prefix":"10.4269","author":[{"given":"Zhen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China;"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongzhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China;"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengli","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China;"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lele","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China;"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China;"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"b1","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"e93","article-title":"Facial Balamuthia mandrillaris infection with neurological involvement in an immunocompetent child","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2022"},{"issue":"11","key":"b2","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"1815","article-title":"The epidemiology and clinical features of Balamuthia mandrillaris disease in the United States, 1974\u20132016","volume":"68","author":"Cope","year":"2019"},{"issue":"12","key":"b3","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2750","article-title":"Leptomyxid ameba, a new agent of amebic meningoencephalitis in humans and animals","volume":"28","author":"Visvesvara","year":"1990"},{"issue":"1","key":"b4","series-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect","first-page":"1379","article-title":"Diagnosing Balamuthia mandrillaris encephalitis via next-generation sequencing in a 13-year-old girl","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"b5","series-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep","first-page":"391","article-title":"Balamuthia mandrillaris amoebic encephalitis: An emerging parasitic infection","volume":"14","author":"Bravo","year":"2012"},{"issue":"6","key":"b6","series-title":"Pathol Int","first-page":"418","article-title":"Autopsy case of amebic granulomatous meningoencephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris in Japan","volume":"62","author":"Bando","year":"2012"},{"issue":"12","key":"b7","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"1230","article-title":"Histopathologic spectrum and immunohistochemical diagnosis of amebic meningoencephalitis","volume":"20","author":"Guarner","year":"2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"b8","series-title":"Lab Med","first-page":"e20","article-title":"Balamuthia mandrillaris-related primary amoebic encephalitis in China diagnosed by next generation sequencing and a review of the literature","volume":"51","author":"Yang","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"b9","series-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol","first-page":"e355","article-title":"Diagnosis of cutaneous Balamuthia mandrillaris infection via next-generation sequencing in a Chinese woman","volume":"37","author":"Zheng","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"b10","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"e7","article-title":"Successful treatment of Balamuthia mandrillaris amoebic infection with extensive neurological and cutaneous involvement","volume":"51","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"b11","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"197","article-title":"Successful treatment of Balamuthia mandrillaris granulomatous amebic encephalitis with nitroxoline","volume":"29","author":"Spottiswoode","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"b12","series-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect","first-page":"2348","article-title":"Balamuthia mandrillaris infection in China: A retrospective report of 28 cases","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/aop\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0280\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0280.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/aop\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0280\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0280.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:38:17Z","timestamp":1791308297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/aop\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0280\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0280.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"references-count":12,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.26-0280","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]}}}