{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T17:21:51Z","timestamp":1788283311065,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Una virus (UNAV) is an understudied alphavirus with the capacity to infect humans. Although it was discovered decades ago in South America, little is still known about this virus because accurate diagnostic tests are still needed. The first UNAV-specific real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) test is described in the present study. This assay targets the\n                    <jats:italic>nonstructural protein 1<\/jats:italic>\n                    coding region and was designed from an alignment using all available UNAV sequences. The linear range of the UNAV rRT-PCR extended from 6.2 to 0.2 log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    copies\/\n                    <jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>\n                    L, with a lower limit of 95% detection of 2.0 copies\/\n                    <jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>\n                    L. The assay offered sensitive UNAV detection in contrived whole-blood samples. In addition, no amplification was observed in the assay when tested with genomic RNA from multiple closely related arboviruses. The UNAV rRT-PCR exhibits high sensitivity and specificity, which is critical for research into this virus in regions where multiple related alphaviruses co-circulate.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.26-0326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T17:09:53Z","timestamp":1788282593000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Una Virus"],"prefix":"10.4269","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Ping","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Waggoner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"b1","series-title":"J Virol","first-page":"2729","article-title":"Genome-scale phylogeny of the Alphavirus genus suggests a marine origin","volume":"86","author":"Forrester","year":"2012"},{"issue":"21","key":"b2","series-title":"J Virol","first-page":"10118","article-title":"Evolutionary relationships and systematics of the alphaviruses","volume":"75","author":"Powers","year":"2001"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"777","article-title":"Aura and Una, two new group a arthropod-borne viruses","volume":"12","author":"Causey","year":"1963"},{"issue":"6","key":"b4","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1212","article-title":"Serologic evidence of zoonotic alphaviruses in humans from an indigenous community in the Peruvian Amazon","volume":"101","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2019"},{"issue":"6","key":"b5","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"2429","article-title":"Endemic and epidemic human alphavirus infections in eastern Panama: An analysis of population-based cross-sectional surveys","volume":"103","author":"Carrera","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"b6","series-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo","first-page":"109","article-title":"UNA virus: First report of human infection in Argentina","volume":"45","author":"Diaz","year":"2003"},{"issue":"5","key":"b7","series-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis","first-page":"266","article-title":"Alphaviruses: Serological evidence of human infection in Paraguay (2012\u20132013)","volume":"18","author":"Cardozo","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5","key":"b8","series-title":"J Med Entomol","first-page":"891","article-title":"Isolation of viruses from mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) collected in the Amazon Basin Region of Peru","volume":"42","author":"Turell","year":"2005"},{"issue":"10","key":"b9","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1039","article-title":"Infection by UNA virus (Alphavirus; Togaviridae) and risk factor analysis in black howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) from Paraguay and Argentina","volume":"101","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2007"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"One Health","first-page":"100991","article-title":"Effect of chikungunya, Mayaro and Una virus coinfection on vector competence of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes","volume":"20","author":"Visser","year":"2025"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Bioinformatics","first-page":"1289","article-title":"Enhancements and modifications of primer design program Primer3","volume":"23","author":"Koressaar","year":"2007"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Nucleic Acids Res","first-page":"e115","article-title":"Primer3\u2014new capabilities and interfaces","volume":"40","author":"Untergasser","year":"2012"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Bioinformatics","first-page":"1937","article-title":"Primer3_masker: integrating masking of template sequence with primer design software","volume":"34","author":"K\u00f5ressaar","year":"2018"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"J Clin Virol","first-page":"57","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of a single-reaction real-time RT-PCR for pan-dengue and chikungunya virus detection","volume":"78","author":"Waggoner","year":"2016"},{"issue":"6","key":"b15","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2011","article-title":"Multiplex nucleic acid amplification test for diagnosis of dengue fever, malaria, and leptospirosis","volume":"52","author":"Waggoner","year":"2014"},{"issue":"5","key":"b16","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1734","article-title":"Sensitive and prolonged detection of dengue virus RNA in whole blood","volume":"104","author":"Waggoner","year":"2021"},{"issue":"6","key":"b17","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1541","article-title":"Neutralizing antibodies from convalescent chikungunya virus patients can cross-neutralize Mayaro and Una viruses","volume":"100","author":"Martins","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"b18","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"20399","article-title":"Effects of chikungunya virus immunity on Mayaro virus disease and epidemic potential","volume":"9","author":"Webb","year":"2019"},{"issue":"23","key":"b19","series-title":"J Virol","first-page":"e0112221","article-title":"Chikungunya virus exposure partially cross-protects against Mayaro virus infection in mice","volume":"95","author":"Fumagalli","year":"2021"},{"issue":"5","key":"b1","series-title":"J Virol","first-page":"2729","article-title":"Genome-scale phylogeny of the Alphavirus genus suggests a marine origin","volume":"86","author":"Forrester","year":"2012"},{"issue":"21","key":"b2","series-title":"J Virol","first-page":"10118","article-title":"Evolutionary relationships and systematics of the alphaviruses","volume":"75","author":"Powers","year":"2001"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"777","article-title":"Aura and Una, two new group a arthropod-borne viruses","volume":"12","author":"Causey","year":"1963"},{"issue":"6","key":"b4","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1212","article-title":"Serologic evidence of zoonotic alphaviruses in humans from an indigenous community in the Peruvian Amazon","volume":"101","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2019"},{"issue":"6","key":"b5","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"2429","article-title":"Endemic and epidemic human alphavirus infections in eastern Panama: An analysis of population-based cross-sectional surveys","volume":"103","author":"Carrera","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"b6","series-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo","first-page":"109","article-title":"UNA virus: First report of human infection in Argentina","volume":"45","author":"Diaz","year":"2003"},{"issue":"5","key":"b7","series-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis","first-page":"266","article-title":"Alphaviruses: Serological evidence of human infection in Paraguay (2012\u20132013)","volume":"18","author":"Cardozo","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5","key":"b8","series-title":"J Med Entomol","first-page":"891","article-title":"Isolation of viruses from mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) collected in the Amazon Basin Region of Peru","volume":"42","author":"Turell","year":"2005"},{"issue":"10","key":"b9","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1039","article-title":"Infection by UNA virus (Alphavirus; Togaviridae) and risk factor analysis in black howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) from Paraguay and Argentina","volume":"101","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2007"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"One Health","first-page":"100991","article-title":"Effect of chikungunya, Mayaro and Una virus coinfection on vector competence of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes","volume":"20","author":"Visser","year":"2025"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Bioinformatics","first-page":"1289","article-title":"Enhancements and modifications of primer design program Primer3","volume":"23","author":"Koressaar","year":"2007"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Nucleic Acids Res","first-page":"e115","article-title":"Primer3\u2014new capabilities and interfaces","volume":"40","author":"Untergasser","year":"2012"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Bioinformatics","first-page":"1937","article-title":"Primer3_masker: integrating masking of template sequence with primer design software","volume":"34","author":"K\u00f5ressaar","year":"2018"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"J Clin Virol","first-page":"57","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of a single-reaction real-time RT-PCR for pan-dengue and chikungunya virus detection","volume":"78","author":"Waggoner","year":"2016"},{"issue":"6","key":"b15","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2011","article-title":"Multiplex nucleic acid amplification test for diagnosis of dengue fever, malaria, and leptospirosis","volume":"52","author":"Waggoner","year":"2014"},{"issue":"5","key":"b16","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1734","article-title":"Sensitive and prolonged detection of dengue virus RNA in whole blood","volume":"104","author":"Waggoner","year":"2021"},{"issue":"6","key":"b17","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1541","article-title":"Neutralizing antibodies from convalescent chikungunya virus patients can cross-neutralize Mayaro and Una viruses","volume":"100","author":"Martins","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"b18","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"20399","article-title":"Effects of chikungunya virus immunity on Mayaro virus disease and epidemic potential","volume":"9","author":"Webb","year":"2019"},{"issue":"23","key":"b19","series-title":"J Virol","first-page":"e0112221","article-title":"Chikungunya virus exposure partially cross-protects against Mayaro virus infection in mice","volume":"95","author":"Fumagalli","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/aop\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0326\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0326.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/aop\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0326\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0326.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/aop\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0326\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0326.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T17:09:53Z","timestamp":1788282593000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/aop\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0326\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0326.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":38,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.26-0326","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}}}